{"id":3619,"date":"2024-03-31T00:09:41","date_gmt":"2024-03-31T00:09:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=3619"},"modified":"2024-03-31T00:09:41","modified_gmt":"2024-03-31T00:09:41","slug":"engels-tarihsel-materyalizm-isiginda-somuru-sorununa-nasil-yaklasti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=3619","title":{"rendered":"Engels Tarihsel Materyalizm I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc Sorununa Nas\u0131l Yakla\u015ft\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Engels Tarihsel Materyalizm I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc Sorununa Nas\u0131l Yakla\u015ft\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kemal Okur <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marksistler, bilimsel bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla halk\u0131n ve insan toplumunun geli\u015fme ve ilerlemesinin yarar\u0131na olan her \u015feyin \u201cadil\u201d oldu\u011funu savunurlar. Tarihte g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumsal yap\u0131lardaki ekonomik ili\u015fkiler \u00f6ncelikle ve ilk olarak kendilerini bir \u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkisi \u015feklinde ortaya koyarlar. Toplumda belirli bir \u00fcretim ili\u015fkisi \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fim gereksinimlerine yan\u0131t veremez hale geldi\u011finde bu hakim \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak halk\u0131n ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kitlelerinin ya\u015famlar\u0131nda ciddi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara ve k\u0131s\u0131tlara yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem geldi\u011finde geni\u015f halk kitleleri ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak ekonomik ve toplumsal s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve yokluklar ya\u015fayacak ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcklerini daha derinden hissetmeye ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flayacaklard\u0131r. Yani, b\u00f6ylesi d\u00f6nemlerde, toplumda halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u00fczerinde uzla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu adalet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi krize girecek, ard\u0131ndan ise \u201cahlaki yozla\u015fma ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc\u201d d\u00f6nemi gelecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Engels bu durumu derinlemesine ele alarak \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmeyi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cSadece ve sadece, verili bir \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 kendi al\u00e7alan e\u011frisinin epey \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funda, sadece ve sadece kendi zaman\u0131n\u0131n (\u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn) yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketti\u011finde, sadece ve sadece varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funda ve yerine ge\u00e7ecek olan \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 \u015fimdiden kap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funda – sadece bu a\u015fama i\u00e7inde, halk b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmdeki s\u00fcrekli artan e\u015fitsizli\u011fi art\u0131k adaletsiz g\u00f6r\u00fcr, sadece o zaman geldi\u011finde, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan olgulardan hareketle o bildik ebedi adalet talepleri halk i\u00e7inde yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r.\u201d (Engels, Toplu Eserler, Cilt 3, s. 527)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Engels\u2019in bu \u00f6nermesinden Marksizmin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sorununa bak\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin yeni bir kavray\u0131\u015f edinilebilir. Engels\u2019e g\u00f6re, herhangi bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc toplumunda -yani s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumda- bu toplumsal sisteminin ak\u0131ld\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na uzun vadeli bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile bakmal\u0131y\u0131z, onun belirli bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemdeki rasyonelli\u011fine bakmak yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, sosyalizmi in\u015fa etmekte olan topluma -fakat hen\u00fcz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc toplumsal formasyona (kom\u00fcnist topluma) ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olan topluma- da uzun vadeli bir bak\u0131\u015fla yakla\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda, herhangi bir \u00fcretim tarz\u0131, geli\u015fmesinin belirli bir a\u015famas\u0131nda, belirli derecede bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye izin verse bile, kendi y\u00fckseli\u015f d\u00f6nemindeyken toplumun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcr, ya da hatta adil bir \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sadece ve sadece halk\u0131n s\u00fcrgit artan maddi ve manevi-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gereksinimlerine ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na yan\u0131t vermede ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan ve halk\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun iyi bir ge\u00e7im ve ya\u015fam sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zemeyen bir \u00fcretim tarz\u0131 adaletsiz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclecek ve nesnel ve \u00f6znel ko\u015fullar olu\u015ftu\u011funda ala\u015fa\u011f\u0131 edilecektir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Engels Tarihsel Materyalizm I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc Sorununa Nas\u0131l Yakla\u015ft\u0131 Kemal Okur  Marksistler, bilimsel bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla halk\u0131n ve insan toplumunun geli\u015fme ve ilerlemesinin yarar\u0131na olan her \u015feyin \u201cadil\u201d oldu\u011funu savunurlar. Tarihte g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumsal yap\u0131lardaki ekonomik ili\u015fkiler \u00f6ncelikle ve ilk olarak kendilerini bir \u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkisi \u015feklinde ortaya koyarlar. Toplumda belirli bir \u00fcretim ili\u015fkisi \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fim gereksinimlerine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klasikler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3619"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3619\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3620,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3619\/revisions\/3620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}