![\"\"](\"https:\/\/sosyalistbirlik.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/16671958_303.jpg\")
SOSYAL\u0130ZM\u0130N \u0130N\u015eASI D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE \u0130K\u0130 \u0130TT\u0130FAK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Yeni Demokratik devrim d\u00f6neminde \u00c7KP’nin birle\u015fik cephe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki “iki ittifak” prati\u011finin derslerine dayanan Mao, “iki ittifak” kavram\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez 1953 A\u011fustos’unda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koydu : \u00c7in\u2019de \u201c\u0130ki birle\u015fik cephe ve iki t\u00fcr ittifak vard\u0131r. Birincisi i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ittifak\u0131, bu temeldir. \u0130kincisi ise i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile ulusal burjuvazinin ittifak\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ift\u00e7iler s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc de\u011fil, emek\u00e7i olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ittifak\u0131 uzun vadeli ittifakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MAO\u2019DAN DAHA DETAYLI A\u00c7IKLAMA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1953 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda Mao, \u00f6zellikle ikinci ittifak\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini ve \u00c7in\u2019de sosyalizme haz\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde iki ittifak\u0131 daha da detayl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131: \u201c\u00c7in’de iki ittifak vard\u0131r: Biri i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ift\u00e7iler ile ittifak\u0131, ikincisi ise i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sonradan bizim taraf\u0131m\u0131za ge\u00e7en kapitalistler, profes\u00f6rler, \u00fcst d\u00fczey teknik personel, Kuomintang generalleri ile dini cemaat liderleri, demokratik siyasi partiler ve partisiz demokrat \u015fahsiyetlerle olan ittifak\u0131d\u0131r. Her iki ittifak da gereklidir ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde devam etmelidir.\u201d Ekim 1955’te Mao daha geli\u015fkin bir de\u011ferlendirme yapt\u0131: “\u0130ki ittifaktan birincisi yani bizim \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerle kurdu\u011fumuz ittifak asli, temel ve birincildir, burjuvazi ile ittifak\u0131m\u0131z ise ge\u00e7ici ve ikincildir. Bizimki gibi ekonomik olarak geri bir \u00fclke i\u00e7in bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ko\u015fullarda her iki ittifak da vazge\u00e7ilmezdir.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130K\u0130 T\u00dcR \u0130TT\u0130FAK ARASINDAK\u0130 D\u0130YALEKT\u0130K ETK\u0130LE\u015e\u0130M VE B\u0130RL\u0130K<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Mao Zedung’un iki ittifak teorisi, \u00c7in’in sosyalist d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn sorunsuz ilerlemesine \u00f6nderlik etmek ve zafer elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir sihirli silaht\u0131. \u0130ki ittifak teorisi, 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda sosyalist d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm temel ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 d\u00fczeyinde tamamland\u0131ktan ve ulusal burjuvazi m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirildikten sonra da Mao Zedung D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin \u00f6nemli bir unsuru oldu. \u00c7KP\u2019ye g\u00f6re Birle\u015fik Cephe’ye \u00f6nderlik etmek i\u00e7in, \u00c7KP bu iki ittifak aras\u0131ndaki diyalektik etkile\u015fimi do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde ele almak durumundayd\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birincisi, Birle\u015fik Cephe’nin ger\u00e7ekten temeli ve dayana\u011f\u0131 haline gelebilmesi i\u00e7in birinci ittifak\u0131n geli\u015fmesini ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesini sa\u011flamak; ikinci g\u00f6revimiz ise ikinci ittifak\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca geni\u015fletmek, birle\u015ftirilebilecek t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7leri birle\u015ftirmek; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00f6revimiz de, birbirlerini destekleyebilmeleri i\u00e7in her iki ittifak\u0131n da rollerini tam anlam\u0131yla oynamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7KP BUG\u00dcN DE B\u0130RLE\u015e\u0130K CEPHE \u00c7ALI\u015eMASINI VE \u0130K\u0130 \u0130TT\u0130FAK TEOR\u0130S\u0130N\u0130 S\u00dcRD\u00dcR\u00dcYOR<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7KP bug\u00fcn de yeni tarihsel ko\u015fullarda iki ittifak teorisini ba\u015far\u0131yla uyguluyor, fakat \u00c7in\u2019de 1990\u2019lardan itibaren 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde toplumsal yap\u0131da \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, iki t\u00fcr ittifak da de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in\u2019de bug\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki s\u0131n\u0131f ve bir yeni toplumsal tabaka bulunuyor.
Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Birle\u015fik Cephenin i\u00e7eri\u011fini ilk kez Deng Xiaoping tan\u0131mlad\u0131: 5-7 Temmuz 1994 tarihleri aras\u0131nda 3. Merkezi Birle\u015fik Cephe Teorisi \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Konferans\u0131 ve \u00c7in Birle\u015fik Cephe Teorisi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Vakf\u0131 ortak bir toplant\u0131da Birle\u015fik cephe teorisini ve politikalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdiler ve detayl\u0131 tan\u0131mlar verdiler: Deng Xiaoping’in yeni d\u00f6nemdeki birle\u015fik cephe teorisi, birle\u015fik cephenin do\u011fas\u0131, stat\u00fcs\u00fc, g\u00f6revleri, ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ve kapsam\u0131 ortaya koyuldu ve 12 hedef grup belirlendi: demokratik partiler, ayd\u0131nlar, eski sanayici ve t\u00fcccarlar, kamu d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, etnik az\u0131nl\u0131klar, dini cemaatler, Halk Siyasi Dan\u0131\u015fma Konferans\u0131 Meclisi ve anavatan\u0131n yeniden birle\u015fmesi\u2026
Yeni toplumsal tabakalar 3 alt toplumsal gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131yor:
a)her t\u00fcrden serbest meslek sahipleri (avukat, muhasebeci, reklamc\u0131, d\u00fckkanc\u0131lar v.b); b) kamu-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerli ve yabanc\u0131 sermayeli i\u015fletmelerin \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6neticileri; c) kendi \u015firketleri ve sermayeleri ile i\u015f yapan \u00f6zel giri\u015fimciler.
Bu yeni toplumsal tabakalar, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ko\u015fullarda izlenen geni\u015f yurtsever ve sosyalist birle\u015fik cephenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu cephenin politik temeli sosyalizm ve yurtseverliktir. Bu d\u00f6nemdeki yurtsever birle\u015fik cephe iki politik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi y\u00fcksek tutmaktad\u0131r: Sosyalizm ve Yurtseverlik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BUG\u00dcNK\u00dc B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 T\u00dcR \u0130TT\u0130FAK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Bug\u00fcn, birinci ittifak, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n birincisi, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerle, ayd\u0131nlarla, t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarla: ikincisi \u00fclke i\u00e7inde sosyalizm projesini in\u015fa eden yeni toplumsal tabakalarla, bunlara ilaveten \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm yurtsever ki\u015fi, grup, parti, dernek, dini ve etnik cemaatlerle ittifak\u0131d\u0131r. Birinci ittifak i\u00e7inde en \u00f6nemli ve en temel olan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerle, ayd\u0131nlarla, t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarla olan ittifak ili\u015fkisidir. \u00c7KP\u2019nin politik s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bunlara sosyalist \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar kolektifi ad\u0131 verilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bug\u00fcn ikinci ittifak, daha \u00f6nce 16. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u00c7in\u2019den ayr\u0131l\u0131p yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelere yerle\u015fmi\u015f veya Tayvan, Hong Kong ve Makao\u2019da ya\u015fayan \u00c7in\u2019i destekleyen yurtseverlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
YURTSEVER B\u0130RLE\u015e\u0130K CEPHE \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDE YEN\u0130 TOPLUMSAL TABAKALARA KAR\u015eI TUTUM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
2000\u2019lerden itibaren, \u00c7KP\u2019nin politik s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu gruba, sosyalizmin in\u015fac\u0131lar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilmektedir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar sosyalizmin in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r: bunlar kamu-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fletmelerinin giri\u015fimcileri ve teknisyenleri, yabanc\u0131 sermayeli i\u015fletmelerde istihdam edilen \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6netim ve teknik personel, serbest meslek sahipleri, avukat, muhasebeci, reklamc\u0131, d\u00fckkanc\u0131lar, \u00f6zel i\u015fletme sahipleri, arac\u0131l\u0131k yapan kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplar\u0131 kapsar. Birle\u015fik Cephe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bu gruplara y\u00f6nelik siyasi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli hedefleri aras\u0131nda: onlar\u0131n sosyalizme olan g\u00fcven ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek, Partiye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete olan g\u00fcvenlerini artt\u0131rmak, halk\u0131n g\u00fcvenece\u011fi tarzda i\u015fletmeler y\u00f6netmelerini ve toplumsal prestijlerini zarara sokmayacak \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, yasalara uygun d\u00fcr\u00fcst ve etik normlar i\u00e7inde faaliyet g\u00f6stermelerini sa\u011flamak, \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla siyasi kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve siyasi \u00f6neriler getirmelerini sa\u011flamak, toplumsal sorumluluk ve toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fma ile ilgili vak\u0131f faaliyetlerine kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve iyi nitelikli in\u015fac\u0131lar olmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
BUG\u00dcN YURTSEVER SOSYAL\u0130ST B\u0130RLE\u015e\u0130K CEPHEN\u0130N 12 HEDEF GRUBU<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
(i) 8 Demokratik Partilerin \u00fcyeleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(ii) Herhangi bir partiye \u00fcye olmayan partisiz \u015fahsiyetler<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(iii) \u00c7KP \u00fcyesi olmayan ayd\u0131nlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(iv) Etnik az\u0131nl\u0131k milliyetler<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(v) Dini cemaatler<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(vi) Kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ekonomik akt\u00f6rler (\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r giri\u015fimcileri)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(vii) Yeni toplumsal tabakalar denilen tabakalar\u0131n \u00fcyeleri;<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(viii) Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rmekte olan ve \u00f6\u011frenimini g\u00f6r\u00fcp geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olan \u00f6\u011frenciler<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(ix) Hong Kong b\u00f6lgesi yurtta\u015flar\u0131 ve Makao b\u00f6lgesi yurtta\u015flar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(x) Tayvan yurtta\u015flar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n ana karadaki akrabalar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(xi) Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00c7inliler, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olan \u00c7inliler ve onlar\u0131n akrabalar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(xii) Bizimle temas kurmaya ve birlikte hareket etmeye gereksinim duyan di\u011fer ki\u015filer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaynak: \u00c7in B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Yararlan\u0131larak Yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in\u2019de Yurtsever Sosyalist Birle\u015fik Cephe Teori ve Prati\u011fi Cem K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7e\u00e7 – Selma \u00d6zkan SOSYAL\u0130ZM\u0130N \u0130N\u015eASI D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE \u0130K\u0130 \u0130TT\u0130FAK Yeni Demokratik devrim d\u00f6neminde \u00c7KP’nin birle\u015fik cephe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki “iki ittifak” prati\u011finin derslerine dayanan Mao, “iki ittifak” kavram\u0131n\u0131 ilk kez 1953 A\u011fustos’unda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koydu : \u00c7in\u2019de \u201c\u0130ki birle\u015fik cephe ve iki t\u00fcr ittifak vard\u0131r. Birincisi i\u015f\u00e7i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sosyalist-ulkeler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3627","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3627"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3627\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4054,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3627\/revisions\/4054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3627"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3627"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3627"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}