{"id":3680,"date":"2024-04-02T22:23:41","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T22:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=3680"},"modified":"2024-04-02T22:24:20","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T22:24:20","slug":"buyuk-marksizm-sozlugu-bati-marksizmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=3680","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc:\u00a0Bat\u0131 Marksizmi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: <\/strong>Bat\u0131 Marksizmi<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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Bat\u0131 Marksizmi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen temsilcileri Georg Luk\u00e1cs, Karl Korsch, Antonio Gramsci, Louis Althusser, Herbert Marcuse<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

[B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em>, Marx’\u0131n 200. Do\u011fum G\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc anmak amac\u0131yla Wuhan\/\u00c7in’de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 5 Milyon s\u00f6zc\u00fckten ve 4 B\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: Marxism, Leninizm, Mao Zedung D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc \u00c7ine \u00d6zg\u00fc Sosyalizm \u0130n\u015fa Teorisi. S\u00f6zl\u00fck 2012’de ba\u015flayan Xi JinPing D\u00f6nemini de kaps\u0131yor.]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde Marksist oldu\u011funu savunan ancak Marksizmin temel ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131m\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 1920’lerde Komintern i\u00e7inde “sol” bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Komintern onu ele\u015ftirdikten sonra, bu ak\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015fimi Kom\u00fcnist partilerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda devam etti. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta kendisini Bat\u0131 Marksizmi olarak adland\u0131rmad\u0131 ya da adland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1930’da “Bat\u0131 Marksizmi” terimini ilk kullanan K. Korsch oldu. M. Merleau-Ponty 1955’te “Diyalekti\u011fin Maceralar\u0131” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Marksizminin Leninizme kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015f ve Gen\u00e7 D\u00f6nem Lukacs’\u0131n 1923’te yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Tarih ve S\u0131n\u0131f Bilinci” adl\u0131 ilk deneme derlemesinin gelene\u011finin izini s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Lukacs’\u0131n bu kitab\u0131 Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal’in 1924’te yap\u0131lan Be\u015finci Kongresinde \u015fiddetle ele\u015ftirilmi\u015fti).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O zamandan beri “Bat\u0131 Marksizmi” kavram\u0131 bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131m\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunmak i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 1960’lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, Bat\u0131’daki Yeni Sol (New Left) hareketler ve \u00f6zellikle Frans\u0131z May\u0131s ’68’i s\u0131ras\u0131nda, geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist toplumlar\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik sistemine, yani kapitalizmdeki yabanc\u0131la\u015fma olgusuna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in radikal gen\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frenciler ve i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan entelekt\u00fcel bir silah olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bat\u0131 Marksizmi, Marksizmi neoHegelcilik ve varolu\u015f\u00e7uluk gibi baz\u0131 modern Bat\u0131 felsefesi ekolleriyle birle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve modern kapitalist toplum analizinde, sosyalizm vizyonunda ve devrim strateji ve taktiklerinde Marksizme, \u00f6zellikle de Leninizme kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 Marksizmi i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok e\u011filim vard\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Bat\u0131 Marksizmi olarak tek bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemi yoktur. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re i\u00e7inde iki ana e\u011filim ve okul vard\u0131r: Birincisi, Hegelci Marksizm, Freudcu Marksizm ve Varolu\u015f\u00e7u Marksizm. Bu birinci kanat, Bat\u0131 Marksizminin temsilcilerinin Marksizmi Hegelcilik, Freudculuk ve Varolu\u015f\u00e7ulu\u011fun ruhuna uygun olarak yorumlay\u0131p geli\u015ftirmelerine verilen add\u0131r; ikinci olarak Bat\u0131 Marksizmi Neo-pozitivist Marksizm ve Yap\u0131salc\u0131 Marksizmi i\u00e7erir. Bu, Marksizmi Avrupa’da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Neo-pozitivizm ve Yap\u0131salc\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin ruhuna uygun olarak yorumlay\u0131p geli\u015ftirmelerine verilen add\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 Marksizmi, Marksizmin tarihsel geli\u015fmelere uyum sa\u011flamakta giderek ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu ve Marksist olmayanlar taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 reddetti\u011fini, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kapitalist toplumdaki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fen ve geli\u015fen deneyimlerini kavramakta \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmaya e\u011filimli oldu\u011funu savunur. Bu tehlikeyi \u00f6nlemek ve a\u015fmak i\u00e7in Bat\u0131 Marksizmi dogmatizm dedikleri \u015feyi kategorik olarak reddeder ve Marksizmin her ku\u015fak taraf\u0131ndan yeniden ke\u015ffedilmesini ve yeniden yarat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 savunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu “yeniden ke\u015fif” ve “yeniden yaratma” s\u00fcrecinde, farkl\u0131 e\u011filim ve ekollerden Bat\u0131l\u0131 Marksistler, her biri Marksizmin bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc vurgularken bir di\u011ferini su\u00e7layan ve reddeden, ayn\u0131 zamanda Marx’\u0131 Engels’le ve Marx’\u0131 Lenin’le kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getiren ve Marx’\u0131n baz\u0131 ilkelerinin orijinal niyetini kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re hatal\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde yorumlayan, Engels ve Lenin taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan baz\u0131 ilkeleri ele\u015ftiren farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 Marksizminin bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 e\u011filimi ve ekol\u00fc, ya modern Bat\u0131 felsefesinin baz\u0131 ekollerinden baz\u0131 kavram, terim ve kategorileri \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alarak ya da Marksizmi Bat\u0131 burjuva felsefesinden baz\u0131 fikirlerle “tamamlayarak” ve “yenileyerek” burjuva d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alma konusunda hemfikir olmu\u015f, b\u00f6ylece Marksizm ile burjuva felsefesinin \u00e7e\u015fitli ekollerinin bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f, bu da ayn\u0131 zamanda Marksist teoriyi baya\u011f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken onun m\u00fccadeleci ve pratik karakterini, yani Marksizmin pratik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc akademist bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 Marksizminin t\u00fcm bu farkl\u0131 e\u011filim ve ekolleri, geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist toplumlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni durum ve olgular\u0131 analiz etme ve inceleme temelinde, kapitalist sistemin kronik hastal\u0131k ve sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fhirine bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131da bulunmakta, Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde devrimin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmakta ve Sovyet sosyalist modelinin eksiklik ve kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmektedir ki bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilmeye de\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son zamanlarda, kapitalizmin devam eden mali krizi ve \u00c7in \u00f6zelliklerine sahip sosyalizmin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc geli\u015fimi ile birlikte, Bat\u0131l\u0131 Marksist e\u011filimler ve okullardaki baz\u0131 akademisyenler “Kapital” gibi Marksist klasikleri ve \u00c7in\u2019e \u00d6zg\u00fc sosyalizmin teorilerini incelemeye \u00f6nem vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ancak, Marksizm-Leninizm’in bilimsel d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve metodolojisinden kopuk olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, modern Bat\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n\u0131n kapitalizmden kurtulup sosyalizme do\u011fru ilerlemesi i\u00e7in bir yol g\u00f6steremedikleri gibi, \u00c7in\u2019e \u00d6zg\u00fc sosyalizmin teori ve prati\u011fini de do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anlayamad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Bat\u0131 Marksizmi [B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Marx’\u0131n 200. Do\u011fum G\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc anmak amac\u0131yla Wuhan\/\u00c7in’de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 5 Milyon s\u00f6zc\u00fckten ve 4 B\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: Marxism, Leninizm, Mao Zedung D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc \u00c7ine \u00d6zg\u00fc Sosyalizm \u0130n\u015fa Teorisi. S\u00f6zl\u00fck 2012’de ba\u015flayan Xi JinPing D\u00f6nemini de kaps\u0131yor.] \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde Marksist oldu\u011funu savunan ancak Marksizmin temel ilkeleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dunya-sosyalizmi","category-klasikler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3680"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3681,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3680\/revisions\/3681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}