{"id":4291,"date":"2024-07-11T21:00:42","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T21:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=4291"},"modified":"2024-07-11T21:00:42","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T21:00:42","slug":"yao-zhongqiu-bati-tarzi-liberal-demokrasinin-emperyalist-temeli-engels-ve-leninin-bu-baslik-uzerine-goruslerinin-gelistirilmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=4291","title":{"rendered":"Yao Zhongqiu: Bat\u0131 Tarz\u0131 Liberal Demokrasinin Emperyalist Temeli: Engels ve Lenin’in Bu Ba\u015fl\u0131k \u00dczerine G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin Geli\u015ftirilmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yao Zhongqiu: Bat\u0131 Tarz\u0131 Liberal Demokrasinin Emperyalist Temeli: Engels ve Lenin’in Bu Ba\u015fl\u0131k \u00dczerine G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin Geli\u015ftirilmesi<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Ekim 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Profes\u00f6r Yao Zhongqiu, Siyaset Bilimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Okulu, \u00c7in Renmin \u00dcniversitesi; Siyaset Tarihi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviren: Deniz K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7e\u00e7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zet: Engels ve Lenin’in Bat\u0131 Avrupa’n\u0131n sanayile\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkelerinde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n aristokratikle\u015fmesi ve sosyal demokrat partilerin revizyonistle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, Bat\u0131 tarz\u0131 demokratikle\u015fme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fcnya sistemik bir yakla\u015f\u0131m in\u015fa etmekte ve bu makale Bat\u0131 Avrupa’da modern demokrasinin kurulmas\u0131 ve i\u015flemesinin \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6nko\u015ful olarak emperyalizme dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nermesini dile getirmektedir. Antik Atina \u015fehir devletlerinin ve modern Amerikan demokrasisinin kurulu\u015fu ve i\u015fleyi\u015fi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan daha ileri d\u00fczeydeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bu devletlerin imparatorlu\u011fa veya emperyalizme olan benzer ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve devletleri i\u00e7erisinde vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u0131\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 orijinal Bat\u0131 demokrasisi, negatif d\u0131\u015fsall\u0131klar\u0131 muazzam olan ve evrensel olmayan “d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131-art\u0131k-da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mc\u0131 demokrasiler” olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir. \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi, \u00c7in halk\u0131na ulusal kurtulu\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ulusal kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7in tarihi aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6nderlik ederek, insan merkezli \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ve kapsaml\u0131 kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 merkeze alan, insanlar i\u00e7in evrensel e\u015fitli\u011fi garanti eden ve Bat\u0131 tarz\u0131 demokrasiden ahlaki ve siyasi olarak \u00fcst\u00fcn olan “kapsay\u0131c\u0131-kalk\u0131nmac\u0131 bir demokrasi” t\u00fcr\u00fc yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anahtar Kelimeler: Leninizm; Bat\u0131 tarz\u0131 demokrasi; emperyalizm; d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131-da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mc\u0131 demokrasi; kapsay\u0131c\u0131-kalk\u0131nmac\u0131 demokrasi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnyada demokrasi iki temel t\u00fcre ayr\u0131labilir: \u00c7in tarz\u0131 demokrasi ve Bat\u0131 tarz\u0131 demokrasi. Aralar\u0131ndaki temel farklar nelerdir?  “B\u00fcy\u00fck Ayr\u0131\u015fma” nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sorular demokrasinin k\u00f6kenlerinin incelenmesini gerektirmektedir.  Bat\u0131 tarz\u0131 demokrasinin k\u00f6kenleri bir\u00e7ok Bat\u0131l\u0131 akademisyen taraf\u0131ndan incelenmi\u015ftir, ancak bu akademisyenler genellikle demokrasinin k\u00f6kenlerinin din, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, tarih, ekonomik geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyi ya da gruplar ve s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadele gibi Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin kendi i\u00e7 fakt\u00f6rleriyle a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 metodolojik milliyet\u00e7ilik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 benimsemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7N<\/strong>. Kabaca metofolojik milliyet\u00e7ilik demokrasi, devrim ve sosyalizm i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ulusal \u00f6l\u00e7ek boyutuyla s\u0131n\u0131rlayan ve d\u00fcnya-tarihsel ve k\u00fcresel boyutu g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131ran yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kastediyor\u2026 Metofolojik milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin Marksist ve liberal versiyonlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00d6rnek verirsek CHP ve T\u00dcS\u0130AD dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Daron Acem bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nemli temsilcisidir. Metodolojik milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin Marksist versiyonunu savnanlar aras\u0131nda Ellen Meiskins Wood\u2019u g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Bat\u0131 Avrupa’da modern demokrasi 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u015fekillendi ve oy hakk\u0131n\u0131n orta ve \u00f6zellikle de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u0131n\u0131flara kademeli olarak yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla belirginle\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde bu \u00fclkelerde bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli olay daha ya\u015fand\u0131: S\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorluklar\u0131n\u0131n art arda kurulmas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde faydalar elde edilmesi. Bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck olay aras\u0131nda, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f, bir ba\u011flant\u0131 var m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131l\u0131 akademisyenler bu konuyu tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Lipset demokratikle\u015fmenin ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan biri olan \u00e7o\u011fulcu parti sistemlerinin k\u00f6kenine ili\u015fkin olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f ve az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye at\u0131fta bulunan bir toplumsal b\u00f6l\u00fcnme teorisi \u00f6nermi\u015f, Tilly ise s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015fmeyi demokratikle\u015fmenin d\u00f6rt mekanizmas\u0131ndan biri olarak g\u00f6stermi\u015f ancak her ikisi de bu sorunun mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 derinlemesine analiz edememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Engels’in \u0130ngiliz i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n aristokratla\u015fmas\u0131na ve Lenin’in Bat\u0131 Avrupa’daki sosyal demokrat partilerin revizyonistle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, Marksist teori ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir d\u00fcnya-tarihsellik bilincine sahipti ve ikisi aras\u0131ndaki nedensel ili\u015fkiyi g\u00f6rebiliyordu: Avrupa ve ABD’nin sanayile\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkeleri d\u00fcnyay\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131yordu ve d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 faydalar k\u0131smen i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na yar\u0131yordu; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve partileri devrimci ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f terk ediyor ve kendilerini kapitalist sistem ve burjuva siyasi sistemiyle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftiriyor, se\u00e7imlere kat\u0131l\u0131yor ve me\u015fru olarak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin refah\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, ana ak\u0131m siyaset bilimi taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle demokratikle\u015fme ve siyasi \u00f6z\u00fcmseme anlam\u0131na gelmektedir ve bu nedenle de arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131, Bat\u0131 Avrupa’da modern demokrasinin kurulmas\u0131 ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemesinin emperyalizme dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki siyaset bilimi \u00f6nermesini dile getirmektedir. Bu makale, tarihsel siyaset bilimi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bu \u00f6nermenin siyaset bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeniden ifade edilmesini \u00f6nermekte, bunu test etmek i\u00e7in antik Atina ve modern Amerika \u00f6rneklerini sunmakta ve ard\u0131ndan bu \u00f6nermeyi do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in \u00c7in tarz\u0131 demokrasiyi bir referans noktas\u0131 olarak kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TAMAMINI OKUMAK \u0130\u00c7\u0130N \u0130ND\u0130R\u0130N\u0130Z<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2023-demokrasi-bati-Tarzi-Emperyalist<\/a>\u0130ndir<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yao Zhongqiu: Bat\u0131 Tarz\u0131 Liberal Demokrasinin Emperyalist Temeli: Engels ve Lenin’in Bu Ba\u015fl\u0131k \u00dczerine G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin Geli\u015ftirilmesi  Ekim 2022 Profes\u00f6r Yao Zhongqiu, Siyaset Bilimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Okulu, \u00c7in Renmin \u00dcniversitesi; Siyaset Tarihi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc) \u00c7eviren: Deniz K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7e\u00e7 \u00d6zet: Engels ve Lenin’in Bat\u0131 Avrupa’n\u0131n sanayile\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkelerinde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n aristokratikle\u015fmesi ve sosyal demokrat partilerin revizyonistle\u015fmesine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dunya-sosyalizmi","category-klasikler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4291"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4294,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4291\/revisions\/4294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}