{"id":4663,"date":"2024-10-04T09:29:59","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T09:29:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=4663"},"modified":"2024-10-28T10:13:15","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T10:13:15","slug":"lenin-yeni-zamanlar-yeni-kilikta-eski-hatalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=4663","title":{"rendered":"Lenin: Yeni Zamanlar, Yeni K\u0131l\u0131kta Eski Hatalar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Lenin: Yeni Zamanlar, Yeni K\u0131l\u0131kta Eski Hatalar<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

20 A\u011fustos 1921<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarihin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc her d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131, proletaryan\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda hep kaydedilen, hep \u015fu ya da bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde proletaryaya n\u00fcfuz eden, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva yalpalamalar bi\u00e7iminde belli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva reformizmi, yani, iyi y\u00fcrekli demokratik ve “sosyal”-demokratik safsatalar ve aciz dileklerle gizlenmi\u015f burjuva u\u015fakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6zde tehditk\u00e2r, haval\u0131, farfaral\u0131, ger\u00e7ekte ise da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k, atomize olmu\u015f, \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n bir hi\u00e7 olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva devrimcili\u011fi bu yalpalaman\u0131n iki “ak\u0131m\u0131”d\u0131r. Kapitalizmin derin k\u00f6kleri ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a bu ak\u0131mlar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Sovyet iktidar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik politikas\u0131ndaki bilinen de\u011fi\u015fiklikle ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bu ak\u0131mlar\u0131n bi\u00e7imi de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u015feviklik taslayanlar\u0131n temel gerek\u00e7esi \u015fudur: “Bol\u015fevikler kapitalizme y\u00fcz geri ettiler, bu onlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Devrimin, Ekim Devrimi’nin de burjuva devrimi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor! Ya\u015fas\u0131n demokrasi! Ya\u015fas\u0131n reformizm!” Bu ister saf Men\u015fevik ya da Sosyal-Devrimci tarzda, ister 2. Enternasyonal veya \u0130kibu\u00e7ukuncu Enternasyonal ruhuyla s\u00f6ylensin, \u00f6z ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alman “Kom\u00fcnist \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi”ne, ya da eski \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Muhalefetimizin Parti’den ayr\u0131lan ya da uzakla\u015fan kesimine benzer yar\u0131-anar\u015fistlerin temel gerek\u00e7eleri ise \u015fudur: “Bol\u015fevikler \u015fimdi i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na inanm\u0131yorlar!” Buradan t\u00fcretilen \u015fiarlar az \u00e7ok 1921 ilkbahar\u0131ndaki Kronstadt \u015fiarlar\u0131na benziyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marksistlerin g\u00f6revi, ger\u00e7ek s\u0131n\u0131fsal g\u00fc\u00e7leri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca so\u011fukkanl\u0131 ve tam hesaplamak ve tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z ger\u00e7ekleri reformcu dar kafal\u0131n\u0131n ve devrimci darkafal\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131zlanma ve pani\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na koymakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devrimimizin ba\u015fl\u0131ca a\u015famalar\u0131 an\u0131msans\u0131n. Birinci, deyim yerindeyse kat\u0131ks\u0131z politik a\u015fama, 7 Kas\u0131m’dan (25 Ekim) 18 (5) Ocak’a, Kurucu Meclis’in da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar. Yakla\u015f\u0131k on hafta i\u00e7inde Rusya’da feodalizmin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten ve tamamen yokedilmesi i\u00e7in kendi iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131n sekiz ay\u0131nda (Mart [\u015eubat] – Kas\u0131m [Ekim] 1917) Men\u015feviklerle Sosyal-Devrimcilerin yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz kat fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131k. Men\u015feviklerle Sosyal-Devrimciler ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u0130kibu\u00e7ukuncu Enternasyonal’in b\u00fct\u00fcn kahramanlar\u0131 o s\u0131ralar gericili\u011fin ac\u0131nas\u0131 su\u00e7 ortaklar\u0131 durumundayd\u0131lar. Anar\u015fistler \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n bir halde ya kenarda duruyorlard\u0131 ya da bize yard\u0131m ediyorlard\u0131. O zaman devrim burjuva bir devrim miydi? Elbette evet- sa\u011flam eserimiz burjuva-demokratik devrimin tamamlanmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, “k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck” i\u00e7inde hen\u00fcz s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00f6yleydi. Fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda burjuva devrimini a\u015fan, sosyalist, proleter devrim i\u00e7in muazzam \u00e7ok \u015fey yapt\u0131k: 1) Devlet iktidar\u0131ndan onun yararlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lerini g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bi\u00e7imde geli\u015ftirdik. 2) Darkafal\u0131 demokrasinin feti\u015flerine, Kurucu Meclis’e ve zenginler i\u00e7in bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi burjuva “\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere” t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada hissedilen bir darbe vurduk. 3) 1793 ve 1871’den bu yana dev bir ad\u0131m olan Sovyet-tipi devleti yaratt\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci a\u015fama. Brest Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131. Bar\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci safsata c\u00fcmb\u00fc\u015f\u00fc -Sosyal-Devrimci ve Men\u015feviklerin yar\u0131-yurtsever safsatas\u0131, Bol\u015feviklerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda “sol” safsata. “Emperyalizmle bir kez bar\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131lar m\u0131 biterler” diye iddia ediyordu darkafal\u0131, panik i\u00e7inde ya da ho\u015fnutlukla. Fakat Sosyal-Devrimcilerle Men\u015fevikler, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 burjuva talan seferine kat\u0131lanlar olarak emperyalizmle bar\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131lar. Biz, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin iktidar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmek i\u00e7in, haydutlara daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc darbeler indirebilmek i\u00e7in mal\u0131m\u0131zdan m\u00fclk\u00fcm\u00fczden bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakmak suretiyle “bar\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131k”. “\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z” safsatalar\u0131n\u0131 o zamanlar yeterince i\u015fitmi\u015ftik, fakat bu safsatalar\u0131n bizi yolumuzdan al\u0131koymas\u0131na izin vermedik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015fama. \u00c7ekoslovaklardan ve “Kurucu Meclis” taraftarlar\u0131ndan Vrangel’e kadar i\u00e7sava\u015f, 1918-1920.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131z\u0131l Ordumuz sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz yoktu. Bu ordu bug\u00fcn de maddi g\u00fc\u00e7ler k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Antant \u00fclkelerinin herhangi bir ordusundan \u00e7ok daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ve buna ra\u011fmen Antant’\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 zafer kazand\u0131k. Proleter devlet iktidar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011fi alt\u0131nda k\u00f6yl\u00fclerle i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ittifak\u0131- d\u00fcnya tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir kazan\u0131m- \u015fimdiye kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir seviyeye y\u00fckseldi. Men\u015fevikler ve Sosyal-Devrimciler monar\u015finin do\u011frudan (bakan, organizat\u00f6r ve propagandac\u0131lar olarak) ve gizli (sureti haktan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp, ger\u00e7ekte ise kalemle bize kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00c7ernov ve Martov’un en “rafine” ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k tutumu) su\u00e7 ortaklar\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynuyorlard\u0131. Anar\u015fistle ayn\u0131 \u00e7aresizlikle bir o yana bir bu yana savruluyorlard\u0131: bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bize yard\u0131m ediyor, di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 askeri disipline kar\u015f\u0131 yaygara kopararak ya da \u015f\u00fcphe duyarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 engelliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015fama. Antant m\u00fcdahale ve ablukay\u0131 durdurmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (uzun s\u00fcreli mi?) Korkun\u00e7 derecede y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fclke kendini yeni yeni toplamaya ba\u015flar, y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n ne denli derin oldu\u011funu yeni yeni g\u00f6r\u00fcr, en ac\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara, sanayinin durmas\u0131na, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcne, a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klara katlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda tarihi \u00f6neme sahip m\u00fccadelemizin en y\u00fcksek ve ayn\u0131 zamanda en zor a\u015famas\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131k. D\u00fc\u015fman \u015fu anda ve \u015fu d\u00f6nemde d\u00fcnk\u00fcyle ayn\u0131 de\u011fil. D\u00fc\u015fman art\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcn Sosyal-Devrimciler ve Men\u015fevikler, b\u00fct\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 burjuvazi taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen \u00e7iftlik beylerinin komutas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Beyaz Muhaf\u0131z s\u00fcr\u00fcleri de\u011fil. D\u00fc\u015fman, b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayisi mahvolmu\u015f bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00fclkesinde g\u00fcnl\u00fck ekonomik hayatt\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015fman, bizi hava gibi ku\u015fatan ve proletaryan\u0131n saflar\u0131na g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde s\u0131zan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva unsurdur. Proletarya ise deklase olmu\u015ftur, yani s\u0131n\u0131fsal ray\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fabrika ve tesislerin faaliyeti durmu\u015ftur- proletarya zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f, da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fc\u00e7ten d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Oysa devlet i\u00e7indeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva unsur, t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 burjuvazinin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 h\u00e2la kapsayan g\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6yle bir durumda korkmamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? \u00d6zellikle de Men\u015fevikler ve Sosyal-Devrimciler, \u0130kibu\u00e7ukuncu Enternasyonal \u015f\u00f6valyeleri, \u00e7aresiz anar\u015fistler, “sol” safsata hayranlar\u0131 gibi kahramanlar nas\u0131l korkmas\u0131nlar? “Bol\u015fevikler kapitalizme \u00e7arkediyorlar, Bol\u015feviklerin i\u015fi bitik, devrim onlar\u0131n elinde de burjuva devrimi \u00e7er\u00e7evesini a\u015famad\u0131”. Bu s\u0131zlanmay\u0131 yeterince duyuyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat buna al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tehlikeyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemiyoruz. Onun ta g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7ine bak\u0131yoruz. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclere \u015funu diyoruz: Tehlike b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr- daha fazla birlik, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k, so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131k, Men\u015fevik ve Sosyal-Devrimci taklit\u00e7ilerini, panik\u00e7ileri ve yaygarac\u0131lar\u0131 horlayarak aran\u0131zdan at\u0131n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tehlike b\u00fcy\u00fck. D\u00fc\u015fman iktisaden bizden \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, t\u0131pk\u0131 d\u00fcn askeri olarak bizden \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu gibi. Bunu biliyoruz ve g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi iyi bilmekten kaynaklan\u0131yor. Rusya’n\u0131n feodalizmden temizlenmesi i\u00e7in, i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in, emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in \u0130kinci ve \u0130kibu\u00e7ukuncu Entemasyonal’in adilikleri ve al\u00e7akl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f uluslararas\u0131 proleter hareket i\u00e7in \u015fimdiden \u00f6ylesine muazzam \u00e7ok \u015fey yapt\u0131k ki, panik yaygaras\u0131 bizi hi\u00e7 etkilemiyor. Men\u015fevik-Sosyal-Devrimci “demokrasinin\u201d ve korkak, t\u00f6ren safsatalar\u0131yla gizlenmi\u015f reformizminin aksine proleter devrimci ruhun neler yapabilece\u011fini t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya pratikte ispatlayarak devrimci faaliyetimizi tamamen ve fazlas\u0131yla “hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadele ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce yenilgiden korkan, kendine ancak i\u015f\u00e7ilerle alay edercesine sosyalist diyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biz, tam da tehlikenin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7ine bakmaktan korkmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in, m\u00fccadelede g\u00fc\u00e7lerimizden daha iyi yararlanabiliyoruz -\u015fanslar\u0131 daha akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda, dikkatli ve hesapl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcp bi\u00e7iyoruz-, bizi g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren ve d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lerini da\u011f\u0131tan b\u00fct\u00fcn tavizleri veriyoruz (\u015fimdi en aptal\u0131n\u0131n bile kabul etti\u011fi gibi, “Brest Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131” bizi g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren ve uluslararas\u0131 emperyalizmin g\u00fc\u00e7lerini da\u011f\u0131tan bir tavizdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u015fevikler, ayni verginin, ticaret serbestisinin, imtiyazlara ve devlet kapitalizmine izin vermenin kom\u00fcnizmin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini hayk\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Bu Men\u015feviklere yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda eski kom\u00fcnist Levi de kat\u0131ld\u0131: onun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatalar\u0131, Almanya’da \u00f6zellikle Mart 1921’de “sol” kom\u00fcnistler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir dizi hataya tepki olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece bu Levi’yi savunmak gerekiyordu; fakat yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek yerine tamamen Men\u015fevizme kayd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Levi’yi savunmak olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 velveleye veren Men\u015feviklere, kom\u00fcnistlerin daha 1918 ilkbahar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva unsura kar\u015f\u0131 devlet kapitalizmiyle bir blok, bir ittifak kurma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ilan ettiklerini ve bunu savunmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyoruz. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce! Bol\u015fevik zaferin ilk aylar\u0131nda! Bol\u015fevikler daha o zaman so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdi ve o zamandan beri hi\u00e7 kimse ger\u00e7ekten mevcut g\u00fc\u00e7leri so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131kla de\u011ferlendiri\u015fimizin do\u011frulu\u011funu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u015fevizmde konaklam\u0131\u015f olan Levi biz Bol\u015feviklere (ki o da ayn\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn darkafal\u0131lar\u0131n, demokratlar\u0131n, Sosyal-Demokratlar\u0131n vs. Kurucu Meclis’i da\u011f\u0131tmam\u0131z durumunda mahvolaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kehanetinde bulunduklar\u0131 gibi, kapitalizm taraf\u0131ndan yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z “kehanetinde bulunuyor”), yard\u0131m i\u00e7in t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ba\u015fvurmam\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fcyor! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fimdiye kadar onlara, bak\u0131n hele, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sadece bir kesimi bize yard\u0131m etmi\u015f!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu hususta Levi ilgin\u00e7 bi\u00e7imde, “Bol\u015feviklerin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne inanmad\u0131klar\u0131” konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck laflar eden yar\u0131-anar\u015fistler ve yaygarac\u0131larla, k\u0131smen de eski “\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Muhalefeti”nden baz\u0131 ki\u015filerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde. Gerek Men\u015fevikler gerekse de anar\u015fistlik taslayanlar “i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7leri” kavram\u0131n\u0131, bu kavram\u0131n ger\u00e7ek, somut i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yetene\u011finde olmadan bir feti\u015f haline getiriyorlar. Bu i\u00e7eri\u011fi inceleme ve tahlil etmenin yerini tumturakl\u0131 s\u00f6zler al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendilerine devrimci demek isteyen \u0130kibu\u00e7ukuncu Entemasyonal’den beyler, ger\u00e7ekte her ciddi durumda kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorlar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc eski devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddet yoluyla y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan korkuyorlar, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lerine inanm\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyal-Devrimciler ve ortaklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bunu s\u00f6yledi\u011fimizde, bu bir safsata de\u011fildi. Herkes Ekim Devrimi’nin ger\u00e7ekten yeni g\u00fc\u00e7ler, yeni bir s\u0131n\u0131f ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; proletaryan\u0131n en iyi temsilcilerinin bug\u00fcn Rusya’y\u0131 y\u00f6netti\u011fini, bir ordu kurup ona \u00f6nderlik ettiklerini, bir yerel idare vs. yaratt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, sanayiyi y\u00f6nettiklerini vs. biliyor. Bu y\u00f6netimde b\u00fcrokratik kamburlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bunu gizlemiyor, aksine a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor, onunla m\u00fccadele ediyoruz. Yeni d\u00fczenin bozulmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmekten onun i\u00e7eri\u011fini unutan, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n Sovyet tipi bir devlet yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve onu y\u00f6netti\u011fini unutan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr ve bo\u015funa konu\u015fuyor demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat “i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7leri” s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z de\u011fildir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7inden taze g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ak\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczse, bazen son derece g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczse, b\u00fct\u00fcn kararnamelere ve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lara ra\u011fmen, “partisizleri \u00e7ekme” y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn ajitasyon ve emirlerimize ra\u011fmen bu g\u00fc\u00e7 ak\u0131n\u0131 yine de g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczse, “i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lerine inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131k” a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla bu duruma yan \u00e7izmek bo\u015f safsatac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmek demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belli bir “nefes molas\u0131” olmadan bu yeni g\u00fc\u00e7ler olmaz. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler yava\u015f yava\u015f geli\u015fecek; bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler yeniden kurulmu\u015f bir b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi temelinin (yani daha tam ve somut s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde elektrifikasyon temelinin) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olu\u015famazlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik, korkun\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7abalardan sonra, y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00fclkesinde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131fsal ray\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n onu epey etkiledi\u011fi bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, yeni g\u00fc\u00e7lerin yeti\u015fip di\u011ferlerinin yerini alabilmesi, eski ve y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n “onar\u0131labilmesi” i\u00e7in belli bir zamana ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. 1917-1921 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131navlar\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131yla ge\u00e7en bir sava\u015f ve devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131 yaratmak, “i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n” ger\u00e7ek (yaygarac\u0131lar\u0131n bildirilerindeki de\u011fil) “g\u00fc\u00e7lerini\u201d zorlayan, yoran, bitkin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015fti. Bunu kavramak ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yeni g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin yava\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f geli\u015fiminin zorunlulu\u011funu, daha do\u011frusu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaba katmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u015fevikler (“demokrasi”nin iradesine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcya orduya ve ayg\u0131ta dayanan) Bol\u015feviklerin “Bonapartizme” ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 \u00fczerine yaygara kopard\u0131klar\u0131nda, burjuvazinin takti\u011fi burada son derece isabetli bi\u00e7imde dile gelmektedir ve Milyukov onlar\u0131 desteklemekte, (1921 ilkbahar\u0131ndaki) Milyukov “Kronstadt” \u015fiarlar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemekte hakl\u0131d\u0131r. Burjuvazi \u00e7ok do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde, “i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n” ger\u00e7ek “g\u00fc\u00e7leri”nin \u015fu an, bu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcnden (tek devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n “\u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc” rol\u00fcn\u00fc, ad\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc birdenbire de\u011fil, 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k prati\u011fiyle elde etmi\u015f olan Rusya Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’nden), art\u0131 deklase olmalar\u0131 ve iyice zay\u0131flamalar\u0131 nedeniyle en \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7ten d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve Men\u015fevik ve anar\u015fist yalpalamalara en a\u00e7\u0131k unsurlardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu hesaplamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eu an “\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenmeliyiz” \u015fiar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekte Men\u015fevik ve anar\u015fist etkiler g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmektedir: \u0130lkbahar 1921’de Kronstadt bunu t\u00fcm a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6sterdi ve kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Her s\u0131n\u0131f bilin\u00e7li i\u015f\u00e7i, “i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lerine inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z” \u00fczerine yaygara koparanlar\u0131 te\u015fhir etmeli ve cehennemin dibine yollamal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yaygarac\u0131lar ger\u00e7ekte burjuvazinin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7iftlik beylerinin su\u00e7 ortaklar\u0131d\u0131r ve onlar\u0131n yarar\u0131na Men\u015feviklerin ve anar\u015fistlerin etkisini geli\u015ftirerek proletaryay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte “g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck burada”, “i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7leri” kavram\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7eri\u011fine girildi\u011fi zaman g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hani nerede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131z, siz iyi y\u00fcrekli insanlar, partisizleri bug\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli “cephesi”ne, ekonomik cepheye, ekonomik in\u015faya \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in hani nerede ne yapt\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131f bilin\u00e7li i\u015f\u00e7iler, yaygarac\u0131lara bu soruyu sormal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Yaygarac\u0131lar her zaman b\u00f6yle te\u015fhir edilmeli, bunlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte ekonomik in\u015fay\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeyip bilakis engelledikleri, proleter devrime yard\u0131m etmeyip bilakis onu engelledikleri, proleter de\u011fil bilakis k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva emeller savunduklar\u0131, yabanc\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131fa hizmet ettikleri kan\u0131tlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eiar\u0131m\u0131z \u015fudur: Kahrolsun yaygarac\u0131lar! Kahrolsun 1921 ilkbahar\u0131ndaki talihsiz Kronstadtl\u0131lar\u0131n hatalar\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlayan Beyaz Muhaf\u0131z \u00e7etenin bilin\u00e7siz su\u00e7 ortaklar\u0131! Haydi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumun \u00f6zelli\u011fini ve g\u00f6revlerini kavrayabilen amaca uygun, pratik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya! \u0130htiyac\u0131m\u0131z olan \u015fey safsata de\u011fil, eylemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fin ve hayali de\u011fil ger\u00e7ek s\u0131n\u0131fsal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131kla g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi bize \u015funu s\u00f6ylemektedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Proletaryan\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn askeri, idari ve genel politik alanda d\u00fcnyada e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik ba\u015far\u0131lar d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan, tesad\u00fcfi olarak de\u011fil ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak, ki\u015filerin ya da partilerin su\u00e7u nedeniyle de\u011fil nesnel nedenler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, yeni g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00e7ok daha yava\u015f geli\u015fece\u011fi bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ktisadi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada in\u015fa ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak daha zor, yava\u015f ve tedricidir; bu, askeri, idari ve genel politik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya k\u0131yasla bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n niteli\u011finden kaynaklan\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6zel zorlu\u011fundan ve deyim yerindeyse k\u00f6klerinin \u00e7ok derinlerde olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O nedenle m\u00fccadelenin bu yeni, daha y\u00fcksek a\u015famas\u0131nda g\u00f6revlerimizi en b\u00fcy\u00fck, \u00fc\u00e7 misli dikkatle saptamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Bu g\u00f6revleri biraz daha m\u00fctevaz\u0131 saptayaca\u011f\u0131z; biraz daha fazla taviz verece\u011fiz, egemen s\u0131n\u0131f olarak kalmak istiyorsa proletaryan\u0131n verebilece\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde elbette; makul bir ayni verginin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7abuk toplanmas\u0131 ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc iktisad\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek, sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve restore etmek i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hareket alan\u0131; bize muhakkak gerekli olmayan i\u015fletmeleri kirac\u0131lara, \u00f6zel kapitalistlere ve yabanc\u0131 imtiyaz sahiplerine de i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva unsura kar\u015f\u0131 proleter devletin devlet kapitalizmiyle bir blok kurmas\u0131na ya da ittifak\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Bu ittifak, “Yedi kez \u00f6l\u00e7, bir kez bi\u00e7” kural\u0131na g\u00f6re ustaca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011frudan kendimiz i\u00e7in daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131z, sadece zorunlu olanlar\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerini daha az \u015fey \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131racak, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k aya\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 daha sa\u011flam basaca\u011f\u0131z, kendimizi bir kez, iki kez de\u011fil, pratik deneyimle bir\u00e7ok kez denetleyece\u011fiz. Ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, santim santim- bizimki gibi bir “ordu” b\u00f6ylesine zor bir yolda, b\u00f6ylesine zor bir durumda b\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlikeler alt\u0131nda bug\u00fcn ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc ilerleyemez. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 “cans\u0131k\u0131c\u0131”, “yavan” ve “anla\u015f\u0131lmaz” bulan, burun k\u0131v\u0131ran ya da pani\u011fe kap\u0131lan ya da “eski co\u015fku”nun, “eski kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n” vs. yoklu\u011fu \u00fczerine bildirilerle mest olan\u0131, “\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan muaf tutup” k\u0131za\u011fa \u00e7ekmek gerekir ki zarar veremesin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o m\u00fccadelenin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u015fama, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc safhas\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek istemiyor ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilecek durumda de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkenin korkun\u00e7 y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve proletaryan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin neredeyse insan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7abalar sonucunda bitkin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ko\u015fullarda en zor olan \u015feyi ele al\u0131yoruz: Ger\u00e7ek sosyalist ekonominin temelini atmak, sanayinin tar\u0131mla do\u011fru meta m\u00fcbadelesini (daha do\u011frusu \u00fcr\u00fcn m\u00fcbadelesini) sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefliyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fc\u015fman h\u00e2la bizden \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc; anar\u015fik, kara borsac\u0131, bireysel meta m\u00fcbadelesi ad\u0131m ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 baltal\u0131yor. Zorluklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ve bunlar\u0131 sistemli bi\u00e7imde, inatla a\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Ta\u015fraya daha fazla inisiyatif ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, daha fazla g\u00fc\u00e7, pratik deneyimine daha fazla dikkat. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yaralar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc saramaz, proleter “s\u0131n\u0131f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc yeniden kuramaz, k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn proleter \u00f6nderli\u011fe g\u00fcveni, sanayinin yeniden kurulmas\u0131 ve gerek k\u00f6yl\u00fc gerekse de i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in daha yararl\u0131 olan devlet eliyle do\u011fru bir \u00fcr\u00fcn m\u00fcbadelesi kurulmas\u0131 i\u015finde ger\u00e7ek ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnden ba\u015fka bir \u015feyle g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilemez. Bu ba\u015far\u0131lar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde yeni g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6rece\u011fiz, belki hepimizin istedi\u011fi kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 olmayacak bu ak\u0131n, ama b\u00f6yle bir ak\u0131n olacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haydi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya, daha yava\u015f ve dikkatli, daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve inat\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not: Lenin ve Bol\u015fevik  partisi 5 ay sonra NEP deneyini \u00f6zetleyerek yeni bir ayarlama yapt\u0131\u2026 Bu yeni ayarlama hakk\u0131nda bilgi almak i\u00e7in \u015fu yaz\u0131ya bak\u0131n\u0131z. https:\/\/sosyalistbirlik.com\/?p=7601<\/a>  <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lenin: Yeni Zamanlar, Yeni K\u0131l\u0131kta Eski Hatalar 20 A\u011fustos 1921 Tarihin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc her d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131, proletaryan\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda hep kaydedilen, hep \u015fu ya da bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde proletaryaya n\u00fcfuz eden, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva yalpalamalar bi\u00e7iminde belli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva reformizmi, yani, iyi y\u00fcrekli demokratik ve “sosyal”-demokratik safsatalar ve aciz dileklerle gizlenmi\u015f burjuva u\u015fakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6zde tehditk\u00e2r, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klasikler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4663"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4663\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4665,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4663\/revisions\/4665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}