{"id":4724,"date":"2024-11-17T20:48:42","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T20:48:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=4724"},"modified":"2025-05-12T09:07:52","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T09:07:52","slug":"sosyalist-kubanin-sosyalist-cine-buyuk-diplomatik-destegi-1989-1993","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=4724","title":{"rendered":"Sosyalist K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n Sosyalist \u00c7in\u2019e B\u00fcy\u00fck Diplomatik Deste\u011fi (1989-1993)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sosyalist K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n Sosyalist \u00c7in\u2019e B\u00fcy\u00fck Diplomatik Deste\u011fi (1989-1993)<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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Jiang Zemin, Fidel Castro ve Ra\u00fal Castro Yolda\u015flar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle 80’li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Sosyalist Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile Sosyalist \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin yumu\u015famaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla, K\u00fcba ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlayan fakt\u00f6r ortadan kalkt\u0131. Bu sayede iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler pek \u00e7ok alanda yava\u015f yava\u015f ilerlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1983 ile 1985 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, bakan veya bakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde be\u015f resmi yetkili art arda \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni ziyaret etti. 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise \u00fc\u00e7 \u00c7inli bakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 K\u00fcba\u2019ya giderek temaslarda bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki \u00fclke, \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda i\u015f birli\u011fi anla\u015fmalar\u0131 imzalayarak bilim, teknoloji, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, e\u011fitim ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131nda uzman de\u011fi\u015fimi i\u00e7in yeniden zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, her iki \u00fclkenin e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 burs sa\u011flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1987 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda, \u00c7in Ekonomi ve Ticaret Bakan\u0131 Zheng Tuobin, K\u00fcba\u2019ya giderek Bakanlar Konseyi ve Devlet Konseyi Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Carlos Rafael Rodr\u00edguez ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin gelece\u011fine olumlu bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergilendi. Rodr\u00edguez ise K\u00fcba h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin de ikili ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirmeye istekli oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1987 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda, K\u00fcba Ulusal Halk Meclisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Flavio Bravo Pardo, \u00c7in\u2019e ilk ziyaretini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti yetkilisi Gu Mu, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerinde baz\u0131 ho\u015f olmayan durumlar ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak bunlar\u0131n geride kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda, iki \u00fclkenin Kom\u00fcnist Partileri\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkilerle ilgili kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n heyetleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ziyaretlerde bulundu. 1987 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler politik, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlarda kesintisiz bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fmeye devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1989-1992: Zorluklara Ra\u011fmen Dayan\u0131\u015fma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1989 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2019nin 30. ve \u00c7in Devrimi\u2019nin 40. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcmleri vesilesiyle iki \u00fclke, kutlamalara \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6neticilerden olu\u015fan heyetler g\u00f6nderdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, K\u00fcba D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019e ilk ziyaretini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Haziran ay\u0131nda ise \u00c7in D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 K\u00fcba\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret etti. Bu ziyaret, yaln\u0131zca iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin tamamen normalle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermekle kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin \u00c7in kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 y\u00fckselen s\u00f6ylemlerine ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na bir cevap niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Qian Qichen, 31 May\u0131s\u2019ta Ekvador, Meksika, K\u00fcba ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ni kapsayan bir ziyaret i\u00e7in \u00c7in\u2019den ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak Ekvador\u2019da bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada, \u00c7in\u2019de 1989 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ve May\u0131s aylar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan siyasi karga\u015fa, \u00fclkenin uluslararas\u0131 arenadaki durumunu olumsuz etkiledi. Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler, \u00c7in\u2019e pe\u015f pe\u015fe yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan, Qian\u2019\u0131n Meksika ziyareti iptal edildi ve do\u011fal olarak Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ne de gidemedikten sonra, do\u011frudan K\u00fcba\u2019ya ge\u00e7ti. K\u00fcba\u2019daki yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan samimiyetle kar\u015f\u0131lanan Qian\u2019a Fidel Castro, \u00c7in\u2019i tamamen desteklediklerini ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131 halinde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yard\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flayabileceklerini ifade etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Castro ayr\u0131ca \u00c7in\u2019in birli\u011fini korumas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131 ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin beklentisinin aksine anar\u015fi i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmemesi gerekti\u011fini belirtti. Dost kara g\u00fcnde belli oluyordu.<\/strong> Sosyalist K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n o en kritik zamanda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi destek Sosyalist \u00c7in\u2019in tam ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu \u015feydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990\u2019lar: Stratejik \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi ve Yeni Bir D\u00f6nem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, K\u00fcba ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler h\u0131zla geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/strong> 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki \u00fclke kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ba\u015fkonsolosluklar a\u00e7t\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda, K\u00fcba Devrimci Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri Bakanl\u0131k Komuta Heyeti Ba\u015fkan\u0131, bir heyetle birlikte \u00c7in\u2019i ziyaret etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990 y\u0131l\u0131, K\u00fcba i\u00e7in ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan zorlu bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. \u00dclke, \u015fehir ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda ciddi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131rken, \u00c7in, K\u00fcba\u2019ya zaman\u0131nda y\u00fcksek miktarda bisiklet g\u00f6nderdi. Ayr\u0131ca, Ekim ay\u0131nda, y\u0131ll\u0131k 150 bin bisiklet \u00fcretebilecek bir fabrikan\u0131n K\u00fcba\u2019da kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir yard\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1991 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, K\u00fcba, acil ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla \u00c7in\u2019den 200 bin bisiklet sat\u0131n ald\u0131. Ayn\u0131 yaz, \u00c7in, sel ve topraklar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde kurakl\u0131k gibi felaketler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, K\u00fcba \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar ya\u015famas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 5000 ton \u015feker ve 12 milyon dolar de\u011ferindeki y\u00fcksek miktarda ilac\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019e ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda, K\u00fcba-\u00c7in Karde\u015flik Derne\u011fi ve \u00c7in-K\u00fcba Karde\u015flik Derne\u011fi yeniden etkinliklerine ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1993 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda, Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi lideri Jiang Zemin, K\u00fcba\u2019ya iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir ziyaret ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Ziyaret, sadece iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerinin geli\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermekle kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n zorlu ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir destek sa\u011flad\u0131. Jiang Zemin ve Fidel Castro, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 meselelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sosyalizmin gelece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda da fikir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde bulundular. Jiang, \u00c7in\u2019in sosyalizmi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fini ve geli\u015ftirece\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1995 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 sonunda ve Aral\u0131k ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda, Fidel Castro, \u00c7in\u2019in daveti \u00fczerine \u00fclkeye resmi bir ziyarette bulundu.<\/strong> K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2019nden bu yana bir K\u00fcba Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bu ilk ziyaret, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. Bu ziyaret, Sosyalist \u00c7in ve Sosyalist K\u00fcba aras\u0131ndaki dostane i\u015f birli\u011fini daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi ve ili\u015fkilerin yeni bir istikrarl\u0131 geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecine girmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mao Xianglin\u2019in K\u00fcba Sosyalizminin Yolu ve Gelece\u011fi (\u0130stanbul: Canut Yay\u0131nevi, 2018) kitab\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sosyalist K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n Sosyalist \u00c7in\u2019e B\u00fcy\u00fck Diplomatik Deste\u011fi (1989-1993) \u00d6zellikle 80’li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Sosyalist Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile Sosyalist \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin yumu\u015famaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla, K\u00fcba ile \u00c7in aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlayan fakt\u00f6r ortadan kalkt\u0131. Bu sayede iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler pek \u00e7ok alanda yava\u015f yava\u015f ilerlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1983 ile 1985 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, bakan veya bakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dunya-sosyalizmi","category-sosyalist-ulkeler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4724"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4724\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5493,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4724\/revisions\/5493"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}