{"id":5261,"date":"2024-03-07T21:07:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-07T21:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5261"},"modified":"2025-03-07T21:55:23","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T21:55:23","slug":"unutulmaz-bir-kadin-komunist-jiang-zhuyun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5261","title":{"rendered":"Unutulmaz Bir Kad\u0131n Kom\u00fcnist: \u00a0Jiang Zhuyun"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Unutulmaz Bir Kad\u0131n Kom\u00fcnist:  Jiang Zhuyun<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131z\u0131l Kayalar Roman\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7iang \u00c7ie’<\/strong>si<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Peng Yongwu (solda), Jiang Zhuyun (sa\u011fda) ve o\u011fullar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Not: Bu yaz\u0131 \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’nin \u201cParti Hayat\u0131<\/span><\/a><\/strong>\u201d adl\u0131 sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Jiang Zhuyun, \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’nin se\u00e7kin bir \u00fcyesi ve kararl\u0131 bir proleter sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131yd\u0131. Ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve kurtulu\u015f ile halk\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve mutlulu\u011fu i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ederken, tehlikelerden korkmad\u0131, devrim yolundaki say\u0131s\u0131z zorlu\u011fu ve engeli a\u015ft\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devrimci cesaretle bir dizi son derece verimli devrimci \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Demir parmakl\u0131klar ard\u0131ndaki karanl\u0131k zindanda, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fkencelerine maruz kalmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen y\u0131lmad\u0131, boyun e\u011fmedi ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze ald\u0131. Bu nedenle, yolda\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u00c7in halk\u0131n\u0131n devrimci evlad\u0131\u201d olarak \u00f6vg\u00fcyle an\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn “k\u0131z karde\u015f \u00c7iang” olarak bilinen Jiang Zhuyun 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda Si\u00e7uan Eyaletinin Zigong kentinde do\u011fdu. 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda 29 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken gerici Kuomintang ajanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kur\u015funa dizilerek katledildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1948 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda, hayat arkada\u015f\u0131 Peng Yongwu silahl\u0131 ayaklanma s\u0131ras\u0131nda trajik bir \u015fekilde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedince, Jiang Zhuyun b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine g\u00f6merek, Parti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Sichuan Do\u011fu b\u00f6lgesine geri d\u00f6nmek istedi\u011fini bildirdi. O, \u201cBu hattaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ben biliyorum, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n bunu devralmas\u0131 zor olur. Yolda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z (e\u015fim) Peng’in d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde sava\u015fmaya devam etmeliyim.\u201d dedi. Parti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc onu Wanzhou\u2019ya g\u00f6ndererek irtibat g\u00f6revlisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Burada, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Sichuan Do\u011fu B\u00f6lge \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Komitesi\u2019ne gerilla birlikleriyle temas kurmada yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Wanzhou \u0130l\u00e7e Komitesi\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wanzhou\u2019ya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Jiang Zhuyun, Wanzhou B\u00f6lge Mahkemesi Muhasebe Ofisi\u2019nin Tahsilat B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 kimli\u011fiyle kendisini gizleyerek bir yandan irtibat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc, di\u011fer yandan gerilla birlikleri i\u00e7in finansman sa\u011flad\u0131 ve bir dizi son derece verimli devrimci faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ong\u00e7ing\u2019deki Parti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6kertildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finde, Jiang Zhuyun h\u0131zl\u0131ca Yang Jiancheng, Liu Bende, Luo Shunan ve Zhou Yi gibi yolda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hemen tahliye edilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Ancak kendisi irtibat noktas\u0131nda kalmaya devam ederek devrimci faaliyetleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011fle saatlerinde Jiang Zhuyun, yerel Bay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131k Komitesi \u00fcyesi Tang Xugu ile irtibat kurmak \u00fczere Longjiu’ya birini g\u00f6ndermek ve Parti i\u00e7inde bir hainin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve gizlenmek i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131ca tahliye edilmesi gerekti\u011fini bildirmek i\u00e7in bir gizli bulu\u015fmaya gitmek \u00fczereydi. Beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde Saray Caddesi’ndeki ta\u015f merdivenlerden inerken devrime ihanet eden Ran Yizhi ve onu takip eden gizli ajanlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131 ve k\u0131z karde\u015f Jiang tutukland\u0131. Ak\u015fam, ajanlar Jiang Zhuyun’a Fugui Lane’deki Genel B\u00fcro’nun sorgu odas\u0131nda i\u015fkence ettiler, ancak Jiang tek kelime bile etmedi. Daha sonra Chongqing’deki Jagged Cave Toplama Kamp\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jiang Zhuyun, \u00c7ong\u00e7ing ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Sichuan Do\u011fu\u2019daki Parti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve gerilla birlikleri hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla bilgiye sahipti ve \u00f6nemli \u00f6rg\u00fctsel s\u0131rlar\u0131 biliyordu. Bu y\u00fczden Kuomintang ajanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli i\u015fkence hedefi haline geldi. Ajanlar, Jiang’a parmaklar\u0131na takt\u0131klar\u0131 bambu kam\u0131\u015flar, ask\u0131lar, levyeler, elektrik, dikenli telli \u00e7elik k\u0131rba\u00e7lar ve bambu \u00e7ubuklarla i\u015fkence ettiler. Jiang, i\u015fkenceler s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 kez bayg\u0131nl\u0131k ge\u00e7irdi. Ancak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fkencelerine kar\u015f\u0131 her zaman dimdik durdu ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kararl\u0131l\u0131kla \u015fu s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6yledi: \u201cEllerimi k\u0131rabilirsiniz, kafam\u0131 koparabilirsiniz, fakat size asla \u00f6rg\u00fct hakk\u0131nda bir c\u00fcmle vermeyece\u011fim. \u0130\u015fkence, bu \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir imtihan. Bambu \u00e7ubuklar bambudan; kom\u00fcnistlerin iradesi ise \u00e7eliktendir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hapishanede, Jiang Zhuyun bir tart\u0131\u015fma tasla\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlayarak yolda\u015flar\u0131ndan yakalanmadan \u00f6nceki durumlar\u0131n\u0131, yakaland\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131 ve cezaevindeki \u00f6\u011frenim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini \u00f6zetlemelerini istedi. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma daha sonra \u201cCezaevindeki Sekiz \u0130lke\u201dnin temeli oldu. 27 Kas\u0131m katliam\u0131nda hapisten ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015faran Luo Guangbin, di\u011fer tutuklu devrimcilerin verdikleri bilgileri bir araya getirerek o gece 20.000 kelimelik bir rapor yazd\u0131. Bu rapor sekiz b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve yedinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cCezaevindeki G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Daha sonra Parti tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Hu Kangmin, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cCezaevinde Uygulanacak Sekiz \u0130lke\u201d olarak \u00f6zetledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCezaevinde Uygulanacak Sekiz \u0130lke\u201d<\/strong> her maddesi, devrimcilerin kan\u0131 ve can\u0131 pahas\u0131na edinilmi\u015f dersler ve deneyimlerden olu\u015fuyordu. Bu belge yaln\u0131zca k\u0131ymetli bir Parti tarihi kayna\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir Parti e\u011fitimi materyaliydi. Alt\u0131nc\u0131 madde, Parti \u00fcye ve kadrolar\u0131n\u0131, sorunlar\u0131 iyi incelemeleri, halk i\u00e7in sonu\u00e7 al\u0131c\u0131 i\u015fler yapacak \u015fekilde yararc\u0131 siyasi karakterlerini korumalar\u0131, g\u00f6n\u00fcl ili\u015fkilerinde d\u00fcr\u00fcst ve temiz olmalar\u0131, ba\u015fta kendileri olmak \u00fczere kimseye ayr\u0131cal\u0131k yapmamalar\u0131, \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131kar pe\u015finde ko\u015fmamalar\u0131, kay\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131k yapmamalar\u0131, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve \u00f6z disiplin konusunda \u00f6rnek olmalar\u0131 konusunda uyar\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

26 A\u011fustos 1949\u2019da, Jiang Zhuyun son mektubunu yazmak i\u00e7in bambu \u00e7ubuklar\u0131n\u0131 kalem olarak kulland\u0131, yorgan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki pamu\u011fu yakarak elde etti\u011fi k\u00fclleri suyla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p m\u00fcrekkep yapt\u0131 ve kuzeni Tan Zhu\u2019an\u2019a bir veda mektubu yazd\u0131. Mektubunda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cE\u011fer ba\u015f\u0131ma bir \u015fey gelirse, Yun\u2019u (o\u011flu) sana emanet ediyorum. Onu, anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n izinden gitmesi ve Yeni \u00c7in\u2019i in\u015fa etmeyi hayat\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u011fit. Kom\u00fcnist devrim i\u00e7in sonuna kadar sava\u015fmal\u0131.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu mektupta, Jiang Zhuyun\u2019un bir Kom\u00fcnist olarak \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015f cesur ruhu, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir anne olarak \u00e7ocu\u011funa duydu\u011fu derin sevgi ve \u00f6zlem a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 Kas\u0131m 1949 sabah 9 civar\u0131nda, hapishane Jiang Zhuyun ve di\u011fer devrimcileri \u201cnakledeceklerini\u201d bildirdi. Jiang Zhuyun, art\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n son anlar\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131. El yazmas\u0131 \u201cYeni Demokrasi \u00dczerine\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 hapishane arkada\u015f\u0131 Huang Yuqing\u2019e verdi, hapishane k\u0131yafetlerini \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131, tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn giydi\u011fi mavi elbisesini giydi, beyaz bir atk\u0131 ba\u011flad\u0131, sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltti ve en yak\u0131n yolda\u015f\u0131 Li Qinglin ile birlikte h\u00fccresinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Son kez yolda\u015flar\u0131na el sallayarak vedala\u015ft\u0131. O ak\u015fam, Jiang Zhuyun, Li Qinglin ve di\u011fer 30 devrimci, Kuomintang ajanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan al\u00e7ak\u00e7a katledildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jiang’\u0131n kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve y\u00fcce ki\u015fili\u011fi, “K\u0131z\u0131l Kayalar” roman\u0131 ve tiyatro eserleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uzun s\u00fcre ekranlarda ve sahnelerde yer ald\u0131. Jiang, bu romanda, “\u00c7iang \u00c7ing” ismiyle ge\u00e7iyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc ve yery\u00fcz\u00fc kahramanl\u0131k destanlar\u0131yla doludur, y\u00fczy\u0131llar ge\u00e7se de bu destanlar\u0131 yaratan ruh h\u00e2l\u00e2 dimdik ayaktad\u0131r. Umudu olan bir millet kahramans\u0131z, gelece\u011fi olan bir \u00fclke \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcz olamaz. Yetmi\u015f y\u0131ldan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce kom\u00fcnist k\u0131z karde\u015f Jiang ve di\u011fer devrim \u015fehitleri, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn yeni \u00c7in’i u\u011fruna, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 feda ederek, adalet i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcme gittiler. Bug\u00fcn \u015fehitleri anman\u0131n en iyi yolu onlar\u0131n m\u00fccadele ruhunu miras almakt\u0131r, ilk g\u00fcnk\u00fc hedefimizi unutmayal\u0131m ve \u00c7in ulusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck gen\u00e7le\u015fme r\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in yorulmadan \u00e7abalayal\u0131m!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Unutulmaz Bir Kad\u0131n Kom\u00fcnist:  Jiang Zhuyun K\u0131z\u0131l Kayalar Roman\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7iang \u00c7ie’si Not: Bu yaz\u0131 \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’nin \u201cParti Hayat\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Jiang Zhuyun, \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’nin se\u00e7kin bir \u00fcyesi ve kararl\u0131 bir proleter sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131yd\u0131. Ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve kurtulu\u015f ile halk\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve mutlulu\u011fu i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ederken, tehlikelerden korkmad\u0131, devrim yolundaki say\u0131s\u0131z zorlu\u011fu ve engeli a\u015ft\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel-tr"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5261"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5261\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5276,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5261\/revisions\/5276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5261"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}