{"id":5304,"date":"2024-03-18T15:55:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T15:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5304"},"modified":"2025-03-18T16:22:43","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T16:22:43","slug":"sosyalist-solda-canakkale-milliyetciligi-virusu-canakkale-ve-sarikamis-vatan-savunmasi-miydi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5304","title":{"rendered":"Sosyalist Solda \u00c7anakkale Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi Vir\u00fcs\u00fc: \u00c7anakkale ve Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Vatan Savunmas\u0131 M\u0131yd\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sosyalist Solda \u00c7anakkale Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi Vir\u00fcs\u00fc: \u00c7anakkale ve Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Vatan Savunmas\u0131 M\u0131yd\u0131?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Kemal Okur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Son y\u0131llarda, gerek \u00e7e\u015fitli “sa\u011fda ve solda milliyet\u00e7i kesimler”, gerekse de AKP ve devletin \u00e7e\u015fitli kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f’taki hezimet \u00fczerinden i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar aras\u0131nda “milliyet\u00e7i yabanc\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131” derinle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenle bu sava\u015flar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek niteli\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamak Marksist sosyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir ideolojik m\u00fccadele g\u00f6revi olarak durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An\u0131lan bu her iki olay\u0131n da, (kimi zaman bilmeden kimi zaman ise bilin\u00e7li olarak Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 gibi aktar\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen) esas olarak Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer almas\u0131 nedeniyle gerek bu sava\u015f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f, gerekse de Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin sava\u015fa girme nedenlerini do\u011fru kavramak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu sava\u015f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n sava\u015fa kat\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da pant\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc ve milliyet\u00e7i<\/strong> de\u011ferlendirmeler \u00e7ok etkilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u011ferlendirmelerde Marksist tarihsel materyalizmin trendlerin analizi ile vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6znellik-nesnellik ili\u015fkisi diyalekti\u011fine dayal\u0131 tarihsel zorunluluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc reddedilmekte bu olay\u0131n meydana geli\u015fi ikincil etkenlere ve ikincil derecede olaylara ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Bize g\u00f6re Birinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n bu sava\u015fa giri\u015fi b\u00f6ylesi bir diyalekti\u011fin sonucu olan bir tarihsel zorunluluktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu milliyet\u00e7i ve pant\u00fcrkist de\u011ferlendirmelerde k\u0131saca, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin mecburen, \u0130ngiliz-Frans\u0131z emperyalizminin tehdidini savu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in, ulusal kayg\u0131larla Almanlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda sava\u015fa girdi\u011fi savunulmaktad\u0131r. Veya Birinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve as\u0131l hedefinin Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oysa ki bu durum ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Lenin’in katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu analizden de g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi  gibi, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 “emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerle zay\u0131f uluslar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fmelerden”, \u0130ngiliz emperyalizmi ve Rus  emperyalizmi  ile zay\u0131f Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fmenin keskinle\u015fmesinden de\u011fil, esas olarak emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fmelerin keskinle\u015fmesi ve Almanya’n\u0131n k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta emelleri nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O d\u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 hakim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn siyasi temsilcileri, emperyalist yeniden b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden pay almak umudu verilerek, bu kesimler \u00fczerlerinde daha \u00f6nceden var olan Alman d\u0131\u015f etkinin ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisinin sonucu olarak sava\u015fa dahil edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa’n\u0131n “Osmanl\u0131y\u0131 sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutma” veya “Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n Almanya’n\u0131n yan\u0131nda” sava\u015fa girmesini engelleme y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yo\u011fun \u00e7aba ve manevralar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f, ancak 1919-20’lerden itibaren, Sevr sonras\u0131nda ulusal bir direnme sava\u015f\u0131 nitelikleri kazanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu anlamda Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131n\u0131n, merkezi Almanya’da bulunan \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc \u0130ttifak Karargah\u0131’n\u0131n plan ve stratejileri do\u011frultusunda\u2014hatta T\u00fcrkiye’de do\u011frudan g\u00f6rev alan Alman generallerin do\u011frudan taktik m\u00fcdahaleleri ile\u2013 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sava\u015flar (\u00c7anakkale ve Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f)  emperyalist sava\u015f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve uzant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.  Osmanl\u0131 ordular\u0131 esas olarak bir emperyalist kamp kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ba\u015fka bir emperyalist kamp saflar\u0131nda yer alan siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7lerin emrinde \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu tarihsel ger\u00e7eklerin \u00fczerinden atlanarak ne \u00c7anakkale ve  Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f ne de d\u00f6nemin y\u00fckselen emperyalist g\u00fcc\u00fc Almanya’n\u0131n yede\u011finde Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletme hayalleri kurmu\u015f olan macerac\u0131 hakim s\u0131n\u0131f siyasi kli\u011finin ruh hali de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ve uzun s\u00fcren sava\u015f\u0131n t\u00fcm a\u015famalar\u0131, bu a\u015famalarda olu\u015fan cepheler ve sava\u015flar incelendi\u011finde Osmanl\u0131 asker ve ordular\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve giri\u015ftikleri sava\u015flar\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131n genel gidi\u015fini ve sonucunu tayin edecek t\u00fcrden \u00f6neme sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadece baz\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131 k\u00f6r milliyet\u00e7i ideologlar bu d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tarihi kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nedenlerini Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi bir dar bir ama\u00e7 etraf\u0131nda \u00f6rmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyadaki bu sava\u015f e\u011filiminin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne yans\u0131mas\u0131 1908 Devriminin ate\u015fledi\u011fi demokratik geli\u015fim ve reform s\u00fcrecinin geli\u015fmesini de olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilemi\u015ftir. Kanl\u0131 Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131-\u0130talya sava\u015flar\u0131nda telef olmu\u015f olan emek\u00e7i halk, b\u00fcy\u00fck insan kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve ulusal kaynaklar\u0131n  t\u00fckenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu dayan\u0131lmaz a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullarda, yeni bir sava\u015fa zorlanm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015f, Alman imparatorlu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 siyasi ve askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin inisiyatifini tamamen k\u0131s\u0131tlayan bir sava\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  Bu nedenle 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan ulusal kurtulu\u015f hareketi ve sava\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6rece olduk\u00e7a  zay\u0131f ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerle ba\u015flat\u0131lmak zorunda kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n hangi topraklarda hangi ordularla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc o sava\u015f\u0131n asli niteli\u011fini belirlemez ve ikincil bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. E\u011fer \u0130ngilizler \u00c7anakkale’yi ge\u00e7ebilselerdi, T\u00fcrkiye sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalacak, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa (Rusya hari\u00e7) Almanya’y\u0131 daha kolay tecrit edebilmek i\u00e7in bir avantaj elde etmi\u015f olacaklard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece ayn\u0131 zamanda Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerindeki etkilerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f olacaklard\u0131. \u00c7anakkale operasyonu 1915 Nisan ile Aral\u0131k aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve M\u00fcttefik Kuvvetler karaya indirdikleri birlikler ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olarak Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda \u00e7ekilerek Selanik’e kayd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kan\u0131mca bu d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm sava\u015f s\u00fcrecini ve t\u00fcm cephelere bakmak gerekir. Bu ko\u015fullarda teorik olarak Osmanl\u0131 sosyalistleri ve ilerici g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin g\u00f6revi, Rusya’da ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde oldu\u011fu gibi sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 proletarya \u00f6nderli\u011finde demokratik bir devrime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in, sava\u015fan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirmeyi hedef almal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn o s\u00fcre\u00e7ler hakk\u0131nda Lenin \u015f\u00f6yle bir de\u011ferlendirmede bulunuyor<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, kapitalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin iki farkl\u0131 koalisyonunun, daha \u00f6nce b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olan d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yeniden payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri emperyalist bir sava\u015ft\u0131. Amac\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleri yeniden b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fmek, n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fmek, sermaye ihra\u00e7 alanlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fmekti.  \u0130kinci amac\u0131 di\u011fer halklar\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmek idi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sava\u015f ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 8 Avrupal\u0131 devleti kaps\u0131yordu. Almanya ve Avusturya Macaristan bu iki g\u00fc\u00e7, Fransa, Rusya, Bel\u00e7ika, S\u0131rbistan ve Karada\u011f Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi 6 \u00fclkeye kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra bu sava\u015fa (\u2026) bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke kat\u0131ld\u0131 . Toplam 4 devlet birinci kampta, 34 \u00fclke de (d\u00f6rt \u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131 ve Hindistan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi) di\u011fer kampta yer ald\u0131. Bunlar daha sonra 1919’da Versay Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 imzalad\u0131lar. Her iki taraf i\u00e7in de bu sava\u015f sald\u0131rgan ve haks\u0131z bir sava\u015ft\u0131. Sadece Bel\u00e7ika ve Karada\u011f’da bu sava\u015f, ulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6\u011feleri bar\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sava\u015f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda iki kamp i\u00e7indeki \u00f6nde gelen devletler sorumlu\/dahil olmakla birlikte as\u0131l su\u00e7lu olan Alman burjuvazisiydi. Bu s\u0131n\u0131f, kendisi i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131n en elveri\u015fli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anda sava\u015f teknolojisindeki en son yenilikleri kullanarak ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc Rusya ve Fransa’n\u0131n daha \u00f6nceden yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 yeniden silahlanma planlar\u0131n\u0131 ertelemelerini sa\u011flamak suretiyle Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (V.I.Lenin, Poln. sobr. soch., 5. Ed bask\u0131., cilt. 26, syf. 16).<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatan olay ve geli\u015fmeler \u015f\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur: Ar\u015fid\u00fck Francis Ferdinand, Avusturya Macaristan devletinin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesi beklenen ki\u015fi, bir S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7isi taraf\u0131ndan Saraybosna’da 15 Haziran (28) 1914’te \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alman emperyalizmi bu an\u0131\/ve olay\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in bir gerek\u00e7e yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Almanya’n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131yla Avusturya Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, S\u0131rbistan’a bir \u00fcltimatom vermi\u015ftir. S\u0131rbistan devleti bu \u00fcltimatomun ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen kabul etmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, Avusturya Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu S\u0131rbistan devleti ile diplomatik ili\u015fkileri kesmi\u015f ve ba\u015fkent Belgrad’\u0131 bombalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 16 Temmuz’da Rusya kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde Avusturya Macaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgede askeri manevralara ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve genel seferberlik ilan etmi\u015ftir. Almanya, Rusya’n\u0131n seferberlik ilan\u0131n\u0131 durdurmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015f, cevap alamay\u0131nca Rusya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan 22 Temmuz’da \u0130ngiltere, Almanya’ya sava\u015f a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0130ngiliz Dominyonlar\u0131 (Kanada, Avustralya, Yeni Zelanda ve G\u00fcney Afrika Birli\u011fi) ve \u0130ngiltere’nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi olan Hindistan, sava\u015fa \u0130ngiltere’nin yan\u0131nda kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 A\u011fustos’ta Japonya, Almanya’ya sava\u015f ilan etti. \u0130talya resmen \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc \u0130ttifak (Almanya-Avusturya-\u0130talya ittifak\u0131) yan\u0131nda kalmakla birlikte, 4 A\u011fustos’ta tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti ve sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin sava\u015f\u0131n nedenlerini \u015f\u00f6yle analiz etmi\u015fti: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“20 Y\u00fczy\u0131l’\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde kapitalizm, emperyalizme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. D\u00fcnya hemen hemen tamamen en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdayd\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerin ekonomik ve siyasi geli\u015fmelerindeki e\u015fitsizlik olgusu daha da belirgin hale geldi. Kapitalist geli\u015fme yoluna ge\u00e7 giren \u00fclkeler (ABD, Almanya ve Japonya) h\u0131zla ilerleyerek d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde eski kapitalist \u00fclkelerle \u2013\u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2013 rekabet etmeye ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0131srarla bu \u00fclkelere bask\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015fa yol a\u00e7an \u00e7eli\u015fmeler \u00f6nem s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015f\u00f6yle \u015fekillenmekteydi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi, en keskin \u00e7eli\u015fmeler Almanya ve \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131nda olanlard\u0131. \u00c7\u0131karlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde \u00e7eli\u015fen Almanya ve \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle Alman emperyalizminin ticari ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n odak noktalar\u0131 olan Afrika, Do\u011fu Asya ve Ortado\u011fu’da ciddi \u00e7eli\u015fmeler birikmi\u015fti. Ba\u011fdat Demiryolu’nun in\u015faat\u0131 Britanya egemen kapitalist \u00e7evrelerinde ciddi bir tela\u015fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu demiryolu, Almanya’ya Balkan Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Anadolu \u00fczerinden \u0130ran K\u00f6rfezi’ne do\u011frudan bir yol olu\u015fturmas\u0131yla Almanya’n\u0131n Ortado\u011fu’da \u00f6nemli bir konuma gelmesini sa\u011flayarak \u0130ngilizlerin, Hindistan’la olan kara ve deniz ileti\u015fimini tehdit etmi\u015fti.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci \u00e7eli\u015fme: Almanya ile Fransa aras\u0131nda da derin \u00e7eli\u015fkiler mevcuttu. Bu \u00e7eli\u015fmenin k\u00f6kleri, Alman kapitalistlerinin, 1870-71’de Fransa Prusya (Alman) sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak Frans\u0131zlardan al\u0131nan Alsas-Lorraine b\u00f6lgesine kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak sahip olmak istemesi, buna kar\u015f\u0131n  Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n kararl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde bu b\u00f6lgeyi geri alma \u00f6zlemi idi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler sorununda da Frans\u0131z ve Alman \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n Fas’\u0131 i\u015fgal etme giri\u015fimleri, Fas’\u0131 kendine ba\u011flamak  isteyen Almanlar\u0131n kararl\u0131 direnci ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eli\u015fme Almanya ve Rusya aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fme idi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya ile Almanya aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkiler 19.Y\u00fczy\u0131l’\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru derinle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Alman emperyalizminin Ortado\u011fu’da geni\u015flemesi ve T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinde denetim olu\u015fturma \u00e7aba ve giri\u015fimleri, Rusya’n\u0131n ekonomik, politik ve stratejik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmekteydi. Almanya, bir yandan kendi sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin Rus pazarlar\u0131na serbest\u00e7e girmesini garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131rken, \u00f6te yandan uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek g\u00fcmr\u00fck duvarlar\u0131 ile  Rusya’dan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tah\u0131l ithalat\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc  \u00e7eli\u015fme  Rusya ile Avusturya Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fmeydi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Balkanlarda, Rusya  ile  Avusturya-Macaristan imparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda, ikinci g\u00fcc\u00fcn  (Av-Mac) Almanya’dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 destek ile kom\u015fu G\u00fcney Slav topraklar\u0131na (Bosna, Da\u011fl\u0131k Karada\u011f (Montenegro)  ve S\u0131rbistan’a) yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131, derin \u00e7eli\u015fkiler mevcuttu. Avusturya Macaristan Balkanlarda  \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flamak niyetindeydi. Rusya ise emperyalist ama\u00e7larla halklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ulusal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelelerini destekliyor, Balkanlar\u0131 kendi n\u00fcfuz alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. \u00c7arl\u0131k rejimi ve emperyalist Rus burjuvazisi, Balkanlardaki konumunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in \u00c7anakkale ve \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazlar\u0131’n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek istiyorlard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015fa yol a\u00e7an ikincil d\u00fczeydeki \u00e7eli\u015fmeler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Almanya ile kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fmeler temel \u00e7eli\u015fmelerdi di\u011ferleri ise ikinci derecedeki \u00e7eli\u015fmelerdi. B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ve Fransa aras\u0131nda, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ve Rusya aras\u0131nda, Avusturya Macaristan ve \u0130talya aras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye ile \u0130talya aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok anla\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu vard\u0131, ancak bunlar Almanya ve rakipleri \u2013B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya, Fransa ve Rusya- aras\u0131ndaki temel \u00e7eli\u015fkilere g\u00f6re ikincil \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Bu \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin t\u0131rmanmas\u0131 ve derinle\u015fmesi emperyalistleri,d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015fti, fakat “kapitalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, ‘d\u00fcnya egemenli\u011fi’nin yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ancak bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 bedeli \u00f6denerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilirdi”. (Lenin, age, cilt. 34, syf. 370).<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

* Engels, Karl Marx’\u0131n Fransa’da \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n Almanca \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bask\u0131s\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 giri\u015fte bu durumu \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetler: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“Alsace-Lorraine’in ilhak\u0131n\u0131n Fransa’y\u0131 Rusya’n\u0131n kollar\u0131na ataca\u011f\u0131 ve bu ilhaktan sonra Almanya’n\u0131n, ya Rusya’n\u0131n haraca ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 durumuna gelece\u011fi, ya da k\u0131sa bir soluk alma zaman\u0131ndan sonra, yeni bir sava\u015f i\u00e7in, ve do\u011frusunu s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse “bir \u0131rklar sava\u015f\u0131, birle\u015fmi\u015f Latin ve Slav \u0131rklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir sava\u015f i\u00e7in” silahlanmak  zorunda  kalaca\u011f\u0131 yolundaki kehanet harfi harfine ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi mi? (\u2026) Sonucunun mutlak belirsizli\u011finden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi kesin olmayan bir sava\u015f, t\u00fcm Avrupa’y\u0131 on be\u015f-yirmi milyon silahl\u0131 adam\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131p ge\u00e7irmesine teslim edecek bir \u0131rklar sava\u015f\u0131. Ve e\u011fer bu sava\u015f hen\u00fcz patlak vermiyorsa, bunun tek nedeni b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri devletlerden en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn, onun sonal sonucunu \u00f6nceden g\u00f6rme mutlak olanaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda korkuya kap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r\u2026”<\/em><\/strong> (Fransa’da \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f Sol Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 syf 8.)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc\u2026 Marx’\u0131n 1871’de kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeden yirmi y\u0131l sonra 1891’de yaz\u0131lan bir de\u011ferlendirmenin \u00e7ok de\u011fil 23 y\u0131l sonra kanl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck ustalar\u0131n tarihsel materyalizm silah\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ustal\u0131kla kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bir somut \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8 Eyl\u00fcl 1920 Bak\u00fc Kongresi’nin tutumu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin’in kurulu\u015funa \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan takip etti\u011fi Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal’in \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi Bak\u00fc Do\u011fu Halklar Kongresi de Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131z ile ilgili olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 3 maddelik kararda, \u015fu ifadeyi kullan\u0131yor:  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ulusal devrimci hareket i\u00e7indeki ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fte T\u00fcrkiye k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerini emperyalist gruplardan birinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 yarar\u0131na k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131na sebep olmu\u015f  bulunan ve b\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrkiye’nin emek\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir  zenginler  grubu ve y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli g\u00f6revli subaylar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 lehine  ikili bir bi\u00e7imde yoksullu\u011fa ve mahf\u0131na  mahk\u00fbm etmi\u015f olan gruptan  \u00f6nderlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir dikkatle yakla\u015fmak konusunda  dikkat \u00e7ekmeyi   gerekli sayar”. “Kongre bu (<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiyeyi Sava\u015fa Sokan Eski \u00d6nderleri Kastediyor –<\/strong>K.O.) \u00f6nderlere emek\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlara hizmet ederek ve ge\u00e7mi\u015f yanl\u0131\u015f ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131  d\u00fczeltme\u011fe haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131n\u0131 eylemleriyle g\u00f6stermelerini \u00f6nerir.”<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Fakat maalesef baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in art\u0131k Lenin ve Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal gibi de\u011ferli \u00f6nderlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u00e7e\u015fitli gerek\u00e7eler g\u00f6sterilerek, g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ediliyor veya gizleniyor.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

SON S\u00d6ZLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7anakkale’de emperyalist emeller i\u00e7in birbirine k\u0131rd\u0131r\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6l\u00fcleri \u00fczerinden, muhafazakar milliyet\u00e7i s\u00f6ylemi toplumun beynine kaz\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7lerin hakim\u00a0 s\u0131n\u0131f olma karakteri ile Enver-Talat-Cemal Pa\u015falar\u0131n hakim s\u0131n\u0131f karakterinin temelde farkl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Eklememiz gerekir ki ayn\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler s\u00f6z konusu sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 27 May\u0131s 1915’te \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 “Tehcir Yasas\u0131”\u00a0 ile Anadolu’daki milyonlarca Ermeni’yi\u00a0 topluca zorla ve hunharca yurtlar\u0131ndan etmi\u015fler, dayan\u0131lmaz \u00f6l\u00fcm ve ac\u0131lara neden olan di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tarihsel trajediye yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00a0Sosyalistler bug\u00fcn ve daima onlar\u0131n maskelerini indirmeye davam edecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin, Stalin, Dimitrov, Ho Chi Minh, Mao Zedung gibi devrimci \u00f6nderlerin makalelerinde, Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal belgelerinde\u00a0 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli sosyalist \u00fclkelerin tarih kitaplar\u0131nda, Mustafa Kemal \u00f6nderli\u011finde ba\u015flayan ve burjuvazinin s\u0131n\u0131fsal diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanan\u00a0Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir dizi olumlu yaz\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirme bulunurken, \u00c7anakkale sava\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda tek bir olumlay\u0131c\u0131 kelimenin bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 Marksistler i\u00e7in uyar\u0131c\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Lenin’in \u00f6nderli\u011finde kurulan 3. Enternasyonal,\u00a0 Do\u011fu’da emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fen ulusal ak\u0131mlar\u0131n, proletaryan\u0131n sosyalizm i\u00e7in m\u00fccadelesine yeni bir m\u00fcttefik\u00a0 olarak \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; Do\u011fu’da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan devrimci nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan ve emperyalizmi zay\u0131flatan bir olay, sava\u015f v.b olu\u015ftu\u011funda bunu \u00f6zellikle desteklemeyi ve duyurmay\u0131 g\u00f6rev bilmi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7anakkale sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in yapmam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 onlar\u0131n \u00c7anakkale sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fine dair \u00f6nemli bir i\u015farettir. Burjuva milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi Marksizm-Leninizm’i \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcten kadim bir vir\u00fcst\u00fcr ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n onun \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 e\u011fitilmesi en temel g\u00f6revlerimizden birisidir.<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sosyalist Solda \u00c7anakkale Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi Vir\u00fcs\u00fc: \u00c7anakkale ve Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f Vatan Savunmas\u0131 M\u0131yd\u0131? Kemal Okur Son y\u0131llarda, gerek \u00e7e\u015fitli “sa\u011fda ve solda milliyet\u00e7i kesimler”, gerekse de AKP ve devletin \u00e7e\u015fitli kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131 \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f’taki hezimet \u00fczerinden i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar aras\u0131nda “milliyet\u00e7i yabanc\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131” derinle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Bu nedenle bu sava\u015flar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek niteli\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arsiv-tr","category-turkiye-sosyalizmi"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5304"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5309,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5304\/revisions\/5309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}