{"id":5399,"date":"2025-04-24T12:42:05","date_gmt":"2025-04-24T12:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5399"},"modified":"2025-04-24T12:42:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T12:42:06","slug":"1955-bandung-konferansi-cin-bandung-konferansi-ilkelerini-bugunku-dunya-kosullarina-kararlilikla-uygulamali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5399","title":{"rendered":"1955 Bandung Konferans\u0131: \u00c7in Bandung Konferans\u0131 \u0130lkelerini Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc D\u00fcnya Ko\u015fullar\u0131na Kararl\u0131l\u0131kla Uygulamal\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1955 Bandung Konferans\u0131: \u00c7in Bandung Konferans\u0131 \u0130lkelerini Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc D\u00fcnya Ko\u015fullar\u0131na Kararl\u0131l\u0131kla Uygulamal\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Fang Xuting, \u015eanghay \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrkiye Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma G\u00f6revlisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131 Harici adl\u0131 web sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

70 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 18-24 Nisan 1955 tarihleri aras\u0131nda 29 Asya ve Afrika \u00fclkesi ile b\u00f6lgesinden h\u00fck\u00fcmet heyetleri, tarihi Asya-Afrika Konferans\u0131 i\u00e7in Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n Bandung kentinde bir araya gelmi\u015fti. Bandung Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 70. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, \u201cK\u00fcresel G\u00fcney\u201din y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve geleneksel uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 dinamiklerinin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u0131zla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen k\u00fcresel d\u00fczenin arka plan\u0131nda, konferans\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve kal\u0131c\u0131 \u201cBandung Ruhunu\u201d yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek b\u00fcy\u00fck stratejik \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00c7in\u2019i i\u00e7in bu durum, \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 diplomasiyi ilerletme, G\u00fcney-G\u00fcney i\u015fbirli\u011fini derinle\u015ftirme ve uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenin yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bandung Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tarihsel ba\u011flam\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1950\u2019lerde, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi liderli\u011findeki iki ideolojik blok, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinde n\u00fcfuz edinmek i\u00e7in giderek daha fazla rekabet ediyordu. Asya ve Afrika\u2019da yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan devletlerin liderleri kendi kaderlerini tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131 ararken, anti-emperyalist ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketler ivme kazanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Emperyalist bat\u0131l\u0131 S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik sistemi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Asya ve Afrika\u2019daki yeni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z uluslar, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde tarafs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 savunmada daha cesur hale gelmi\u015fler ve 1950\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler forumlar\u0131nda giderek daha aktif rol almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Hindistan, defalarca Asya ve Arap \u00fclkeleri ad\u0131na konu\u015farak Kore Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda ate\u015fkes ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Amerikan askeri politikas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ele\u015ftirdi ve kaba g\u00fc\u00e7 siyasetinden korkmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1954 sonlar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen Bogor Konferans\u0131\u2019nda be\u015f \u00fclke \u2014Hindistan, Endonezya, Burma (\u015fimdiki Myanmar), Seylan (\u015fimdiki Sri Lanka) ve Pakistan\u2014 1955\u2019te ilk Asya-Afrika Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131 resmen ba\u015flatmak \u00fczere ortak bildiri yay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u201cBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d ilkesine dayan\u0131larak, \u00c7in dahil otuz \u00fclke bu konferansa kat\u0131lmaya davet edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019in diplomasisindeki de\u011fi\u015fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir y\u0131l sonra d\u00fczenlenen Bandung Konferans\u0131, yeni kurulan \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin devrimci d\u0131\u015f politikadan uzakla\u015f\u0131p devlet diplomasisine dayal\u0131 politikaya y\u00f6neldi\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir an\u0131 temsil ediyordu. Bu, de\u011fi\u015fim iki kutuplu So\u011fuk Sava\u015f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde birlikte ya\u015famaya dayal\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u0131\u015f politikaya ge\u00e7i\u015fi simgeliyordu. Asl\u0131nda, konferanstan \u00f6nce bile \u2014\u00f6zellikle Kore Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan (1950\u20131953) sonra\u2014 \u00c7in, Asyal\u0131 ve Afrikal\u0131 kom\u015fular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l imge sunmak i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 yumu\u015fatma e\u011filimi g\u00f6stermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019in Kore Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile daha geni\u015f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sadece par\u00e7as\u0131 olsa da, rol\u00fc askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan belirleyiciydi. Sava\u015f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, Asya\u2019daki sosyalist hareketlerin ve ulusal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelelerinin seyrini kayda de\u011fer \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilemi\u015fti. Hem Asya\u2019da hem de Avrupa\u2019da sosyalist devletlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 bir jeopolitik denge sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Uzun s\u00fcre, Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki iki kutuplu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma stratejik dengeyi korudu, zira Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri liderli\u011findeki Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler art\u0131k sadece Avrupa\u2019daki sosyalist blokla de\u011fil, hem Avrupa hem de Asya\u2019daki sosyalist \u00fclkeler ittifak\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dahas\u0131, Kore sava\u015f\u0131, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan bu yana \u00c7in ile bir b\u00fcy\u00fck Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki ilk do\u011frudan askeri \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya i\u015faret ediyordu. Azimli m\u00fccadeleyle \u00c7in, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ni m\u00fczakere masas\u0131na d\u00f6nmeye zorlad\u0131, Kore Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni krizden kurtard\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda kendi ulusal s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fini savundu, \u00c7in-Sovyet ittifak\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirdi ve uluslararas\u0131 konumunu y\u00fckseltti. \u00c7in, sava\u015f\u0131n hakl\u0131 gerek\u00e7esini \u2014\u201dABD sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131na direnmek ve Kore\u2019ye yard\u0131m etmek; ve kendi vatan\u0131n\u0131 korumak\u201d\u2014 olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bu anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcresel anti-emperyalist m\u00fccadelelerle ili\u015fkilendirerek, yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Asya ve Afrika uluslar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00f6zlemlerine hitap etmi\u015f oluyordu. Bu retorik ve ideolojik tutum, \u00c7in\u2019in \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya ile dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sa\u011flam temel olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son olarak, \u00c7in\u2019in Kore Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki Panmunjom m\u00fczakereleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere diplomatik ve askeri s\u00fcrece dahil olmas\u0131, Bat\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilerinde de\u011ferli bir deneyim sa\u011flad\u0131; bu deneyim daha sonra \u00c7u Enlay\u2019\u0131n Bandung Konferans\u0131\u2019ndaki diplomatik ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131nda etkili olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18 Nisan 1955\u2019te Bandung Konferans\u0131 resmen ba\u015flad\u0131. 24 Nisan ak\u015fam\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, son toplant\u0131 oturumu, tarihte 29 Asya ve Afrika \u00fclkesi taraf\u0131ndan topluca yay\u0131nlanan ilk ortak bildiri olan Asya-Afrika Konferans\u0131 Nihai Bildirisi\u2019ni oybirli\u011fiyle kabul etti. Bildiri, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kla ilgili konular\u0131 ele alan Bandung\u2019un On \u0130lkesi\u2019ni i\u00e7eriyordu ve ayn\u0131 amanda k\u00fcresel bar\u0131\u015f ve i\u015fbirli\u011fini te\u015fvik eden kararlar\u0131 benimsiyor ve Asya ve Afrika halklar\u0131n\u0131n sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kma ve d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 koruma y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ortak \u00f6zlemini yeniden teyit ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bandung Ruhu\u2019nun tarihsel de\u011feri ve \u00c7in\u2019in katk\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bandung Konferans\u0131, zaman\u0131n\u0131n en geni\u015f co\u011frafi alan\u0131 ve n\u00fcfusu kapsayan, en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en temsili k\u0131talararas\u0131 zirvesiydi. Asya ve Afrika uluslar\u0131n\u0131n emperyalizme ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kma, ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koruma ve bar\u0131\u015f ile kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 te\u015fvik etme y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kolektif iradesini somutla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bandung Ruhu \u2014farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 koruyarak ortak zemin arama, bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde birlikte ya\u015fama, dayan\u0131\u015fma, i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve ortak m\u00fccadele\u2014 bunlar o zamandan beri d\u00fcnya tarihinde de\u011ferli entelekt\u00fcel miras haline geldi. Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin daha sonra uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilere yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 derinden etkiledi. Bar\u0131\u015f ve hegemonyac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 sad\u0131k bir destek\u00e7i ve aktif kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 olarak \u00c7in, \u00c7in\u2019in bilgeli\u011fini ve diplomatik deneyimini sunarak Bandung Ruhu\u2019nun olu\u015fumuna \u00f6nemli katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) \u00c7in\u2019in bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde birlikte ya\u015faman\u0131n be\u015f ilkesinin \u00d6nermesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bandung Asya-Afrika Konferans\u0131 Nihai Bildirisi\u2019nin sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6nerisi \u00fczerine oybirli\u011fiyle kabul edilen d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fbirli\u011fini te\u015fvik etme beyan\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Bu beyan, temel insan haklar\u0131na ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Kurulu\u015f \u0130lkelerinin  ama\u00e7 ve ilkelerine sayg\u0131, t\u00fcm uluslar\u0131n egemenli\u011fine ve toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sayg\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck t\u00fcm \u0131rklar\u0131n ve uluslar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011finin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin i\u00e7 i\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale etmeme gibi uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine y\u00f6nelik on ilkeyi ana hatlar\u0131yla belirtiyordu. Bandung\u2019un On \u0130lkesi, \u00c7u Enlay\u2019\u0131n Bar\u0131\u015f \u0130\u00e7inde Birlikte Ya\u015faman\u0131n Be\u015f \u0130lkesi\u2019nin t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak i\u00e7eriyor ve bunlar\u0131 daha da geli\u015ftiriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) \u00c7in\u2019in tutarl\u0131 anti-emperyalist ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 duru\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in liderleri, 1950\u2019lerin \u201cbug\u00fcn sava\u015f ve devrimler d\u00f6nemindeyiz\u201d ile karakterize edilen tarihsel ba\u011flam\u0131 temel alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7in liderleri, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni kurulan Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f sosyalist ulus olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu kimlik, \u00c7in\u2019in Bandung d\u00f6nemindeki d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131na rehberlik etti. Konferansa giden daha \u00f6nceki toplant\u0131larda \u00c7u Enlay, kapitalist blok i\u00e7indeki \u00fclkelerin tipolojisini ortaya koyarak, \u00c7in\u2019in Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ni izole etmesi, ara b\u00f6lgelerde bulunan devletleri kendi yan\u0131na kazanmas\u0131 ve \u00c7in\u2019in en \u00e7ok ezilen ve en yoksul uluslarla birle\u015fmesi gerekti\u011fini savundu. Buna g\u00f6re, \u00c7in\u2019in Bandung Konferans\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lmaktaki temel amac\u0131, kendi \u00fczerindeki uluslararas\u0131 tecriti k\u0131rmak ve Asya ile Afrika\u2019daki ulusal kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in verilen hakl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi tam olarak desteklemekti; b\u00f6ylece \u00c7in Bandung Ruhu\u2019nun \u015fekillenmesinde temel rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) \u00c7in\u2019in \u201cfarkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 koruyarak ortak zemin arama\u201d diplomatik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 benimsemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 \u00fclkelerin farkl\u0131 ideolojik y\u00f6nelimleri ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ile m\u00fcttefiklerinin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki anti-kom\u00fcnist propaganda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, pek \u00e7ok heyet kom\u00fcnist \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 temkinliydi. Hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131 toplant\u0131da hem s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin hem de kom\u00fcnizmin k\u0131nanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savundu. Bu zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan \u00c7u Enlay, uzla\u015fmac\u0131 ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131 bir yan\u0131t verdi: \u201cAram\u0131zda anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar var, ancak bu t\u00fcr farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 kabul etmek, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir anla\u015fma bi\u00e7imidir\u201d. \u00c7in, su\u00e7lamalara yan\u0131t olarak devrimci veya ideolojik retorikten ka\u00e7\u0131narak bilin\u00e7li olarak \u201ctart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran pragmatik\u201d bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsedi. Bu, konferans\u0131n sorunsuz ilerlemesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konferans s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00c7in, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 koruyarak ortak zemin arama ilkesine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve Endonezya ile \u00c7ifte Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Endonezya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sunario, anla\u015fmay\u0131 \u201ciki Asya \u00fclkesi aras\u0131nda iyi niyet ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ruhu i\u00e7inde\u201d var\u0131lan anla\u015fma olarak \u00f6vd\u00fc; Sunario\u2019ya g\u00f6re g\u00f6re bu ruh, Bandung Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendisine de rehberlik etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bandung Ruhu\u2019nun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00f6nemi ve \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan miras al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 70 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde k\u00fcresel manzara derin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler ge\u00e7irdi. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik sistemi \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc, iki kutuplu So\u011fuk Sava\u015f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kald\u0131 ve ekonomik k\u00fcreselle\u015fme derinle\u015fti. Bar\u0131\u015f, kalk\u0131nma, i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 fayday\u0131 g\u00f6zetme, d\u00f6nemin hakim temalar\u0131 haline geldi. Fakat, uluslararas\u0131 toplumdaki temel \u00e7eli\u015fkiler k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Adaletsiz ve e\u015fitsiz siyasi ve iktisadi d\u00fczen devam ediyor ve medeniyetler, ideolojiler, siyasi sistemler ve kalk\u0131nma modelleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fme ve gerilimler varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eu anda k\u00fcresel manzaray\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 temel \u00f6zellik tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi, g\u00fcvenlik alan\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 rekabeti, blok \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar birbirini etkileyip g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik d\u00fczenini \u015fekillendiriyor.<\/strong> 2022\u2019de Ukrayna krizinin patlak vermesi, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemin sonunu ve akademisyenlerin artan k\u00fcresel istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa i\u015faret eden \u201cSo\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 ikinci yeni d\u00f6neme girdik olarak\u201d de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, ideolojik alanda, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cdemokratik \u00fclkeleri otoriter rejimlere  kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ediyor\u201d anlat\u0131s\u0131, K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney\u2019in \u201c\u00e7oklu modernle\u015fme\u201d olanakl\u0131d\u0131r savunusuyla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan bir ideoloji. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri de\u011fer temelli (Bat\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferler) diplomasiyi ve Hint-Pasifik Ekonomik \u00c7er\u00e7evesi gibi d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 ittifaklar\u0131 te\u015fvik ederken, K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney \u00fclkeleri kalk\u0131nma haklar\u0131na ve egemen e\u015fitli\u011fe \u00f6ncelik vererek Bat\u0131l\u0131 hegemonyac\u0131 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 reddediyor. Bu arada, ABD merkezli Bat\u0131 sosyal medyadaki algoritmik enformasyon ve propaganda sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel kamuoyunu b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7 rekabetinin yeni arenas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, iktisadi alanda, K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve yeni G\u00fcney-G\u00fcney i\u015fbirli\u011fi bi\u00e7imlerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, k\u00fcresel kalk\u0131nma manzaras\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendiriyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00fcney \u00fclkeleri art\u0131k daha fazla maddi kapasiteye, kalk\u0131nma deneyimine ve birlikte ortak kurumsal platformlara sahip. Bu \u00fclkelerin yap\u0131sal g\u00fc\u00e7leri ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn k\u00fcresel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerinde giderek daha etkili roller oynamalar\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bandung Konferans\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lan ve K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney\u2019in kilit liderlerinden biri olan \u00c7in, giderek ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00e7ok kutuplu hale gelen d\u00fcnyada kendi diplomatik s\u00f6ylemini etkili \u015fekilde ifade edebilmek i\u00e7in Bandung Ruhu\u2019nu miras almal\u0131 ve yeni d\u00f6nemin \u00f6zellikleriyle uyumlu hale getirerek Bandung ruhunu ilerletmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Blok \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in \u201cbar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde birlikte ya\u015fama\u201d ilkesini kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f zihniyetine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmada \u0131srar etmeli ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fe y\u00f6nelik \u201ckapsaml\u0131, i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeye devam etmeli. Bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019in \u00f6nerdi\u011fi K\u00fcresel G\u00fcvenlik Giri\u015fimi, K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney \u00fclkelerinin endi\u015felerinin \u00e7o\u011funa yan\u0131t veriyor. Bu nedenle, K\u00fcresel G\u00fcvenlik Giri\u015fimi bir K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney G\u00fcvenlik Perspektifi olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in yol g\u00f6sterici \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u015flevi g\u00f6rebilir. Pratikte \u00c7in, K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda hem ikili hem de \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 diplomasiyi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019in katk\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130ki tipik \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131l\u0131k bi\u00e7imi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bulunuyor:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi, BRICS\u2019in tipik bir \u00f6rne\u011fi oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi. Yo\u011funla\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 rekabeti ba\u011flam\u0131nda, BRICS\u2019in geni\u015flemesi \u2014\u00f6zellikle Orta Do\u011fu devletlerinin dahil edilmesi\u2014 BRICS mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik y\u00f6neti\u015fiminde daha b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynayabilece\u011finin sinyalini veriyor. \u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (\u015e\u0130\u00d6) ve BRICS gibi platformlar, K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney \u00fclkelerinin g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 koordine etmek ve ABD\u2019nin Hint-Pasifik stratejilerinin d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 tutumuna kar\u015f\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesel gruplar aras\u0131ndaki i\u015fbirli\u011fi. \u00d6rnekler aras\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in Afrika, Arap devletleri ve Pasifik adalar\u0131 \u00fclkeleriyle i\u015fbirli\u011fini yer al\u0131yor. \u00c7in-Afrika \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Forumu (FOCAC) ve \u00c7in-Arap Devletleri \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Forumu gibi forumlar, b\u00f6lgesel s\u0131cak noktalarda gerilimini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ve blok temelli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 a\u015fmak ortak i\u00e7in platformlar sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) De\u011fer temelli diplomasiyi \u201cfarkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 koruyarak ortak zemin arama\u201d ilkesiyle birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fctmek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk olarak \u00c7u Enlay taraf\u0131ndan Bandung\u2019da \u00f6nerilen farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 koruyarak ortak zemin arama kavram\u0131, pragmatik i\u015fbirli\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla ideolojik alanda dogmatizme direnmeyi vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn \u00c7in, egemen e\u015fitlik ilkesini ve t\u00fcm uluslar\u0131n kendi kalk\u0131nma yollar\u0131n\u0131 kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z iradeleriyle se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak \u201cdemokrasi \u00fclkeleri otoriter \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131\u201d m\u00fccadele ediyor \u015feklindeki Neoliberal Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlat\u0131ya meydan okumal\u0131. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sayg\u0131 ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi, medeniyetler aras\u0131 diyalo\u011fu ve sistemler aras\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeyi vurgulayan yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kararak uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilere rehberlik etmeli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in, tek tarafl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, s\u0131f\u0131r toplaml\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye ve hegemonik uygulamalara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmal\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sayg\u0131, adalet, hakkaniyet ve kazan-kazan i\u015fbirli\u011fine dayal\u0131 yeni tip uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkileri te\u015fvik etmeli. Ayr\u0131ca kalk\u0131nma haklar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik veren K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney s\u00f6ylem sisteminin in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmal\u0131. BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konseyi gibi uluslararas\u0131 platformlarda \u00c7in, Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n siyasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na direnmeli. Dahas\u0131, \u00c7in CGTN ve TikTok gibi platformlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 ileti\u015fim g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmeli, alg\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 Ku\u015fak ve Yol i\u015fbirli\u011fi vakalar\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi anlatmal\u0131.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) G\u00fcney-G\u00fcney i\u015fbirli\u011fi yoluyla eski geleneksel kalk\u0131nma paradigmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmak  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bar\u0131\u015f \u0130\u00e7inde Birlikte Ya\u015faman\u0131n Be\u015f \u0130lkesi\u2019nden Bandung Ruhu\u2019na ve yeni G\u00fcney-G\u00fcney i\u015fbirli\u011finin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar, \u00f6z her zaman kalk\u0131nma yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fine sayg\u0131 ve e\u015fitlik, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 faydaya dayal\u0131 ortakl\u0131klar olmu\u015ftur. Ama\u00e7, yoksullu\u011fu ve az geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fi a\u015fmak, adil bir k\u00fcresel d\u00fczen in\u015fa etmek ve \u00e7e\u015fitlilik i\u00e7inde birli\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in, \u00f6zellikle Asya ve Afrika\u2019da altyap\u0131 ve kapasite i\u015fbirli\u011fine odaklanarak Ku\u015fak ve Yol Giri\u015fimi\u2019nin (KYG) y\u00fcksek kaliteli geli\u015fimini derinle\u015ftirmelidir. Gelecek On Y\u0131l \u0130\u00e7in Ku\u015fak ve Yol Giri\u015fimi\u2019nin Y\u00fcksek Kaliteli Geli\u015fimine Bak\u0131\u015f\u2018a g\u00f6re, \u00c7in \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama g\u00fczel\u201d ge\u00e7im ve kalk\u0131nma projelerine \u00f6ncelik vermeli, b\u00f6ylece Bandung\u2019un ekonomik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yard\u0131m idealini yerine getirmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in, G\u00fcney-G\u00fcney i\u015fbirli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yenilikler yapmal\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fmi\u015f Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinin modernle\u015fme deneyimleriyle \u015fekillenen mevcut yerle\u015fik geleneksel kalk\u0131nma paradigmalar\u0131, tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc akma e\u011filimindedir ve kredi ve destek alan \u00fclkeleri kurumsal olarak Bat\u0131 normlar\u0131na uymaya zorlamaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00c7in, Afrika ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortak modernle\u015fme modelini te\u015fvik etmeye devam etmeli. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fimi ve ortak iradeyi vurgulamal\u0131, isti\u015fare, ortak in\u015fa ve ortak kader payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yoluyla di\u011fer geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin kendi yerli inisiyatifini te\u015fvik etmeli ve b\u00f6ylece daha e\u015fit ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere modernle\u015fme modeli olarak hizmet etmelidir. \u00c7ine \u00f6zg\u00fc  modernle\u015fmenin yeni uygulamalar\u0131, yaln\u0131zca \u00c7in\u2019in K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney kalk\u0131nmas\u0131ndaki liderli\u011fi i\u00e7in sa\u011flam temel sa\u011flamakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda di\u011fer K\u00fcresel G\u00fcney \u00fclkelerine alternatif kalk\u0131nma yollar\u0131 sunabilir. \u00c7in-Afrika ortak modernle\u015fmesi de kilit stratejik odak noktas\u0131 olarak, \u00c7in yeni uluslararas\u0131 modernle\u015fme i\u015fbirli\u011fi paradigmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1955\u2019te Bandung Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sundu\u011fu f\u0131rsat\u0131 de\u011ferlendirerek, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n izolasyonunu ve ablukas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla k\u0131rd\u0131 ve kendisini \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir bir ortak olarak sundu. 70 y\u0131l sonra \u00c7in, Bandung deneyiminden tekrar yararlanmal\u0131, Bandung Ruhu\u2019nu yeni d\u00f6nemde \u00c7ine \u00f6zg\u00fc diplomasi prati\u011fiyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirmeli. Bunu yaparken \u00c7in, daha adil ve rasyonel bir uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenin in\u015fas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmal\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve K\u00fcresel g\u00fcneyin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sadece tarihe kar\u015f\u0131 bir sayg\u0131 duru\u015fu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda mevcut meydan okumalara kar\u015f\u0131 bir yan\u0131t ve gelece\u011fin ke\u015ffi olabilecektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1955 Bandung Konferans\u0131: \u00c7in Bandung Konferans\u0131 \u0130lkelerini Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc D\u00fcnya Ko\u015fullar\u0131na Kararl\u0131l\u0131kla Uygulamal\u0131 Fang Xuting, \u015eanghay \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrkiye Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma G\u00f6revlisi Yaz\u0131 Harici adl\u0131 web sitesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r 70 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 18-24 Nisan 1955 tarihleri aras\u0131nda 29 Asya ve Afrika \u00fclkesi ile b\u00f6lgesinden h\u00fck\u00fcmet heyetleri, tarihi Asya-Afrika Konferans\u0131 i\u00e7in Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n Bandung kentinde bir araya gelmi\u015fti. Bandung […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,49,7,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arsiv","category-arsiv-tr","category-gelisen-ulkeler","category-sosyalist-ulkeler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5399"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5400,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5399\/revisions\/5400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}