{"id":5480,"date":"2025-05-04T11:43:14","date_gmt":"2025-05-04T11:43:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5480"},"modified":"2025-11-04T19:05:00","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T19:05:00","slug":"bugunku-cin-abd-ticaret-savasinda-cin-ne-yapmali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5480","title":{"rendered":"Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in-ABD Ticaret Sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in Ne Yapmal\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in-ABD Ticaret Sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in Ne Yapmal\u0131?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Prof. Wang Weiguang, iktisat\u00e7\u0131; \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Merkez Komitesi eski \u00fcyesi ve \u00c7in Sosyal Bilimler Akademisi eski ba\u015fkan\u0131,<\/strong> 30 Nisan 2025 <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7eviren: Ferdi Bekir<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ancak ve ancak Marksist duru\u015f, bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve y\u00f6ntemleri kullanarak y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimleri do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anlay\u0131p bilimsel olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimizde, \u00c7in-ABD ticaret anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00c7in-ABD ili\u015fkilerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde ele alabiliriz.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) \u0130lkelere Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ile Verilmesi Gereken Zorunlu Tavizler Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fki<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 yolda\u015flar \u015f\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor: ABD y\u00f6netimi \u00c7in-ABD ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesini k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak Amerikan emperyalizminin h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131 ve do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bizim ABD\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir uzla\u015f\u0131da bulunmamam\u0131z gerekir; en fazla yeniden kap\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kapat\u0131r, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l zor g\u00fcnler ge\u00e7iririz; tamamen kendi kendimize yeter hale gelir, t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6zebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fka baz\u0131 yolda\u015flar ise, bug\u00fcn \u00fclkemizdeki t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tamamen yurti\u00e7i Milli Gelirin art\u0131p artmamas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, her ko\u015fulda \u201cger\u00e7ek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc gizle\u201d stratejisine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nmas\u0131 ve hi\u00e7bir ko\u015fulda ABD ile a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelinmemesi, ili\u015fkilerin kopar\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Onlara g\u00f6re yaln\u0131zca yurti\u00e7inde ekonomik i\u015flere odaklan\u0131l\u0131r ve birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l daha kalk\u0131nmaya devam edilirse, di\u011fer t\u00fcm sorunlar kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecektir. Baz\u0131 yolda\u015flar ise, \u00c7in\u2019in her ko\u015fulda \u00c7in-ABD ili\u015fkilerini \u00c7in\u2019in temel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n merkezi olarak g\u00f6rmesi gerekti\u011fini, hatta ABD y\u00f6netimiyle stratejik bir uzla\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamak u\u011fruna \u00fclkemizin egemenli\u011finin, toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve kalk\u0131nma \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan bile vazge\u00e7ilebilece\u011fini savunuyorlar. Yukar\u0131daki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin t\u00fcm\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD\u2019nin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak gerekli uzla\u015f\u0131ya var\u0131l\u0131p var\u0131lmamas\u0131 gibi \u00f6nemli bir soruya yan\u0131t verebilmek i\u00e7in, Lenin ve Mao Zedung\u2019un ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki ilgili s\u00f6ylemlerine yeniden ba\u015fvurmak olduk\u00e7a gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Lenin, 1920 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan-May\u0131s aylar\u0131nda, Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin Alman emperyalizmi ve onun m\u00fcttefikleriyle imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Brest-Litovsk Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlara y\u00f6nelik olarak kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri \u201cSol\u201d Kom\u00fcnizm, Bir \u00c7ocukluk Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019<\/em>nda \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201c\u2019\u0130lke olarak\u2019 uzla\u015fmaya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc uzla\u015fmay\u0131 toptan reddetmek, ciddiye al\u0131namayacak bir \u00e7ocukluktur.\u201d [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00c7e\u015fitli uzla\u015fma t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r. Her bir uzla\u015fman\u0131n ya da uzla\u015fma bi\u00e7iminin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve somut durumunu iyi analiz edebilmek gerekir.\u201d; \u201cesneklik, uzla\u015fma ve taviz vermeyi tamamen reddetmek bir hatad\u0131r ve bu t\u00fcr bir hata kom\u00fcnist harekete son derece b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar verir.\u201d [2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin, 1922 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Moskova Sovyeti genel kurulunda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti: \u201cKapitalist b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z pek \u00e7ok taviz, onlara bizimle ili\u015fki kurmak, karlar\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na almak \u2014 hatta bazen hak ettiklerinden daha fazla kar elde etmek \u2014 i\u00e7in yeterince f\u0131rsat sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.\u201d [3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1945 y\u0131l\u0131 26 A\u011fustos\u2019unda, \u00c7ong\u00e7ing\u2019e giderek \u00c7an Kay-\u015fek ile bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ba\u015flamadan iki g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, Mao Zedung\u2019un Parti i\u00e7i bir genelgesinde \u015f\u00f6yle denmektedir: \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde, Kuomintang mutlaka bizden kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgelerin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmemizi, Kurtulu\u015f Ordusu\u2019nun say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltmam\u0131z\u0131 ve kendi k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t param\u0131z\u0131 basmamam\u0131z\u0131 isteyecektir. Biz de, halk\u0131n temel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na zarar vermeyecek gerekli baz\u0131 tavizleri vermeye haz\u0131r\u0131z. Bu tavizler olmadan, Kuomintang\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 sava\u015f komplosunu bozamay\u0131z; siyasi inisiyatifi ele ge\u00e7iremeyiz. Uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun ve yurti\u00e7indeki ara g\u00fc\u00e7 siyasi unsurlar\u0131n sempatisini kazanamay\u0131z; partimizin yasal stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almal\u0131 ve bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayamay\u0131z. Ancak tavizlerin bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 vard\u0131r ve bu s\u0131n\u0131r, halk\u0131n temel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na zarar vermemektir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mao Zedung ayr\u0131ca \u015funu da s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir: \u201cPartimizin yukar\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan e\u011fer Kuomintang yine de i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatmak isterse, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyu \u00f6n\u00fcnde hakl\u0131 taraf biz oluruz ve me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa sava\u015f\u0131na giri\u015ferek sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme hakk\u0131n\u0131 elde ederiz.\u201d [4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00c7in-ABD ticaret g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ile Lenin ve Mao Zedung\u2019un ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemler aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck farklar, hatta baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan \u00f6zsel temel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131 ilkesel uygulamalar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de dikkate al\u0131nmaya de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mart 1949\u2019da Mao Zedung \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201c\u0130lkelilikte kararl\u0131 olmal\u0131y\u0131z; ayn\u0131 zamanda bu ilkeselli\u011fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc me\u015fru ve gerekli esnekli\u011fe de sahip olmal\u0131y\u0131z.\u201d [5]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1957 y\u0131l\u0131 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Mao \u015funlar\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir: \u201c\u0130lkelilik ile esnekli\u011fin birli\u011fi, Marksizm-Leninizm\u2019in bir ilkesidir; bu bir kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n birli\u011fidir.\u201d [6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in ile ABD aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k durumu, her iki \u00fclkenin onlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k kalk\u0131nma ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonucudur. 1971 y\u0131l\u0131 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda, Nixon y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki ABD, alt\u0131n standard\u0131n\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131 ve alt\u0131n-dolar kurunun serbest dalgalanmas\u0131na ge\u00e7ti; b\u00f6ylece Bretton Woods sistemi resmen \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. Ard\u0131ndan ABD, s\u00f6zde \u201cfinansal inovasyon\u201d uygulamalar\u0131na giri\u015fti. 1978 y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda \u00c7in, Reform ve D\u0131\u015fa A\u00e7\u0131lma politikas\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya koydu ve giderek \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fcretim \u00fcss\u00fc \u201d olma yoluna girdi. Belirli bir anlamda denebilir ki, \u00c7in\u2019in 40 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n reform ve d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lma s\u00fcreci sonucunda \u00c7in ve ABD ekonomileri belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fiili bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k durumuna girmi\u015ftir. Bu durumun k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ne gerekli ne de kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam da bu nedenle, 15 \u015eubat 2019 tarihinde, Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Xi Jinping, \u00c7in\u2019e gelen ABD Ticaret Temsilcisi ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201c\u00c7in ve ABD birbirinden ayr\u0131lamaz; uyum i\u00e7inde olurlarsa her iki taraf da kazan\u0131r, \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131rlarsa her iki taraf da zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u0130\u015f birli\u011fi en iyi tercihtir. Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik ve ticari g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeler konusunda biz i\u015f birli\u011fi yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmaya haz\u0131r\u0131z; her iki taraf\u0131n da kabul edebilece\u011fi bir anla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Elbette, i\u015f birli\u011finin de ilkeleri vard\u0131r.\u201d [7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ABD ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaret g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde baz\u0131 gerekli tavizlerde bulunarak di\u011fer daha \u00f6nemli \u00e7\u0131karlar elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 do\u011fald\u0131r. ABD ile yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde taviz verilmemesi gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen anlay\u0131\u015f ise yaln\u0131zca ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i de\u011fildir, ayn\u0131 zamanda son derece yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki siyasi \u00e7alkant\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zel arka plan\u0131nda, Deng Xiaoping \u015fu stratejik ilkeyi ortaya koymu\u015ftur: \u201cSakin kal, sa\u011flam dur, so\u011fukkanl\u0131 davran, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sakla, zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rt, kesinlikle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kma.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra bu siyasetimize \u201cbir \u015feyler elde etmeyi ba\u015farmak\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki ifade eklenmi\u015ftir. Bu stratejinin son derece \u00f6nemli bir anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu strateji sekiz karakterle \u00f6zetlenebilir: \u201cG\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sakla, bir \u015feyler ba\u015far.\u201d Ancak bu siyaset asla yaln\u0131zca \u201cg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc gizle\u201d \u015feklinde dar bir anlay\u0131\u015fa indirgenmemelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya konmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u201cg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc gizleme\u201d yaln\u0131zca bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r, \u201cbir \u015feyler ba\u015farmak\u201d ise ama\u00e7t\u0131r. \u00c7in-ABD ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczeltmeyi nihai hedef olarak g\u00f6rmek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. T\u0131pk\u0131 Genel Sekreter Xi Jinping\u2019in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi: \u201c\u0130\u015f birli\u011finin de ilkeleri vard\u0131r.\u201d [8]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in-ABD i\u015f birli\u011fi, ilkelere dayal\u0131 bir i\u015f birli\u011fidir; bu i\u015f birli\u011finin kendisi ne bir ama\u00e7t\u0131r, ne de birincil \u00f6nceliktir. \u00c7in\u2019in egemenli\u011fini, g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve kalk\u0131nma \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131 ise birincil \u00f6nceliktir; \u00c7in-ABD ili\u015fkilerinin iyile\u015ftirilmesi ise buna hizmet etmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Bu anlay\u0131\u015ftan sapmak, Xi Jinping Yolda\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011finde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Parti Merkez Komitesi\u2019nin talimatlar\u0131n\u0131n ruhuna ve \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin sosyalist d\u0131\u015f politika ilkelerine tamamen ters d\u00fc\u015fer. \u201cG\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc saklamak\u201d ve \u201cbir \u015feyler ba\u015farmak\u201d ayn\u0131 sorunun iki y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr ve birbirinden ayr\u0131lamaz. \u00dclkemiz halihaz\u0131rda ekonomik k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye derinlemesine entegre olmu\u015ftur; hem uluslararas\u0131 hem yurti\u00e7indeki ekonomik, siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel meselelerin birlikte planlanmas\u0131 acil bir gerekliliktir. Sadece yurti\u00e7indeki ekonomik i\u015fler ile ilgilenmek ya da yaln\u0131zca i\u00e7erde Milli Gelirde b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye odaklanmak, asl\u0131nda uzun vadede yaln\u0131zca Milli Gelir b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmemizi engellemekle kalmayacak, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkemizin istikrarl\u0131 geli\u015fimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve daha fazla soruna yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevcut durum, \u00fclkemizin siyasal istikrar d\u00fczeyinin ABD\u2019den daha y\u00fcksek, istikrar s\u00fcresinin de ABD\u2019den daha uzun oldu\u011funu ve gelecek beklentilerin de ABD\u2019ye k\u0131yasla daha iyi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum, \u00c7in\u2019in \u00c7in-ABD \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca iyi y\u00f6netmesi ve kendi kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla ilerletmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan stratejik zaman\u0131 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trump\u2019\u0131n ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan sonra, ABD\u2019nin istihdam oran\u0131nda, borsa performans\u0131, net varl\u0131klar ve halk\u0131n kullan\u0131labilir gelir oran\u0131 gibi alanlarda baz\u0131 ilerlemeler sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olsa da, borsa zaten d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak y\u00fcksek seviyedeydi; fakat vergi indirimleriyle yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6nen Amerikan sermayesi reel ekonomiye y\u00f6nelmedi. \u00d6zellikle devlet tahvili faizlerinin tersine d\u00f6nmesi ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc dolar\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla birlikte ABD\u2019nin kendini tamamen izole etme ve d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyay\u0131 d\u0131\u015flama g\u00fcc\u00fc kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131sa vadede \u00c7in-ABD ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u201csenin i\u00e7inde ben, benim i\u00e7imde sen\u201d \u2013d\u0131\u015f ekonomik ili\u015fkilere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k—durumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019in siyasal ve ekonomik sistemi ile k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ahlaki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, n\u00fcfusu ve \u00fcretim kapasitesi ve i\u00e7 pazar hacmindeki \u00f6nemli avantajlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00fclkemizin ABD ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7okuluslu sermayenin birle\u015fik sert g\u00fcc\u00fcyle alt edilebilecek bir \u00fclke olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in ulusal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcrekli artmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki birka\u00e7 Bat\u0131l\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclke, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak \u201cSo\u011fuk Sava\u015f zihniyetine\u201d s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya sar\u0131lacak ve tarih boyunca hep kulland\u0131klar\u0131 ya da daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 kullanmad\u0131klar\u0131 yumu\u015fak ve sert y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvurarak \u00c7in\u2019i y\u0131kma giri\u015fiminde bulunacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biz elbette uyumlu ve g\u00fczel bir d\u00fcnya in\u015fa etmeyi umuyoruz ve d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerle \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc diplomatik ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmek zorunday\u0131z. ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerle i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmak i\u00e7in elimizden geleni yapmam\u0131z da gerekmektedir. Ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda Lenin\u2019in Yeni Ekonomik Politika\u2019y\u0131 (NEP) uygulamaya koyduktan sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu uyar\u0131y\u0131 da unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z: \u201c\u015eimdi \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde tamamen farkl\u0131 bir g\u00f6rev var. Art\u0131k her \u015feyde hesap yapmak zorunday\u0131z\u201d; \u201cKapitalist \u00e7evrede ya\u015f\u0131yoruz; ya\u015famam\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fimiz, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan nas\u0131l yarar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 hesaplamal\u0131y\u0131z. D\u00fc\u015fman elbette pazarl\u0131k yapacak, her zaman avantaj sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefleyecek. Biz de bunu asla unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z. Herhangi bir yerdeki t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n kuzu gibi davranaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bize kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z yarar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hayal edecek de\u011filiz.\u201d [9]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam da bu nedenle, \u00c7in-ABD ili\u015fkilerini ele al\u0131rken, ilkelere s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak gerekir. Peki, hangi ilkelerde \u0131srarc\u0131 olmal\u0131y\u0131z? Yurt i\u00e7inde en temel ve en k\u00f6kl\u00fc olan\u0131 \u015fudur: birincisi, sosyalist yoldan sapmamak; ikincisi, \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin \u00f6nderli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek. D\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkilerde ise, \u00fclkemizin toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve egemenli\u011fini kararl\u0131l\u0131kla savunmak; siyasal, ekonomik, finansal g\u00fcvenli\u011fimizi ve kalk\u0131nma \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 korumakt\u0131r. ABD ile yap\u0131lan m\u00fczakerelerde, Mao Zedung\u2019un \u201cABD ile m\u00fccadelede sol e\u011filimlere, ABD ile i\u015f birli\u011finde sa\u011f e\u011filimlere kar\u015f\u0131 dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d \u015feklindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ak\u0131lda tutmal\u0131 ve ABD\u2019nin Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurallar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bizi y\u00f6nlendirme ya da zorla \u201cyap\u0131sal reformlara\u201d mecbur b\u0131rakma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6ylece \u00c7in\u2019in sosyalist yolundan ve \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin \u00f6nderli\u011finden vazge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flama giri\u015fimlerini kararl\u0131l\u0131kla bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eubat 1960\u2019ta Mao Zedung, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Politik Ekonomi Ders Kitab\u0131n\u0131 okurken \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cTemel sorun sistem meselesidir; sistem bir \u00fclkenin hangi y\u00f6ne gidece\u011fini belirler. Sosyalist sistem s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcrece, sosyalist bir \u00fclke ile emperyalist bir \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r; uzla\u015fmalar daima ge\u00e7icidir.\u201d  [10]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel Sekreter Xi Jinping, Mao\u2019nun bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini daha da geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Reform ve D\u0131\u015fa A\u00e7\u0131lman\u0131n 40. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc vesilesiyle d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131da \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cNeyin de\u011fi\u015ftirilece\u011fi ve nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirilece\u011fi, ancak sosyalist sistemi geli\u015ftirme ve m\u00fckemmelle\u015ftirme ile devletin y\u00f6netim sistemi ve y\u00f6netim kapasitesinin modernle\u015ftirilmesi hedeflerine uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilebilir. De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gereken ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilecek olan \u015feyleri kararl\u0131l\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011fiz; de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemesi gereken ya da de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyecek olan \u015feyleri de asla de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyece\u011fiz.\u201d [11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer bu ilkeyi \u00c7in-ABD ticaret g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine uyarlarsak, \u015f\u00f6yle diyebiliriz: Taviz verilebilecek konularda taviz verilebilir, gerekti\u011finde taviz verilebilir; ancak taviz verilmemesi gereken hususlarda kesinlikle geri ad\u0131m at\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD y\u00f6netimi, 2016\u2019da \u00c7in-ABD ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelerini kullanarak \u00c7in\u2019i Kore Yar\u0131madas\u0131 meselesinde ilkesiz tavizler vermeye zorlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak Xi Jinping Yolda\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011finde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Parti Merkez Komitesi durumu do\u011fru \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirdi, \u00fclkemizin temel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 kararl\u0131l\u0131kla savundu. 2018 Mart\u2019tan 2019 Ocak\u2019a kadar yaln\u0131zca 10 ay i\u00e7inde, Kore \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi Genel Sekreteri ve Devlet \u0130\u015fleri Komisyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kim Jong-un, art arda d\u00f6rt kez \u00c7in\u2019i ziyaret etti. Bu geli\u015fme, ABD\u2019nin stratejik planlar\u0131n\u0131 bozmu\u015f, Kuzeydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, \u00e7evremizdeki g\u00fcvenli\u011fin korunmas\u0131 ve \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in yeni ve \u00f6nemli bir stratejik f\u0131rsat d\u00f6neminin elde edilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015far\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biz eminiz ki, Xi Jinping Yolda\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011finde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Parti Merkez Komitesi, hem kendini hem de kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 iyi tan\u0131makta, her \u015feye h\u00e2kim olmakta, kararl\u0131 ve dengeli \u015fekilde y\u00f6nlendirme yapmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lkesel kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 stratejik esneklikle, \u0131srar edilen ilkeleri gerekli tavizlerle, k\u0131sa vadeli \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 uzun vadeli temel \u00e7\u0131karlarla birle\u015ftirecek; yan\u0131lsamalardan kurtulup m\u00fccadeleye haz\u0131rlanacak; m\u00fccadele yoluyla i\u015f birli\u011fi arayacak, i\u015f birli\u011fi ancak m\u00fccadele yoluyla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00fclkemiz, \u00c7in-ABD ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesinin sonunda kazanan\u0131, hatta galibi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) \u00c7in-ABD Ticaret S\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeleri K\u00f6t\u00fc Bir \u015eey mi, \u0130yi Bir \u015eey mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in-ABD ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeleri, t\u0131pk\u0131 2008 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki uluslararas\u0131 mali kriz gibi, sanki aniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f gibidir. Bu noktadan hareketle ve sorunu bu \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirenler, \u00c7in-ABD ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelerini uluslararas\u0131 mali kriz gibi kesinlikle k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fey olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Bir bak\u0131ma bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f tamamen yerindedir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in ile ABD aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik ve ticari ili\u015fkiler olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ABD, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geni\u015f ekili tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131na sahip \u00fclkesidir; ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen ekili arazi miktar\u0131 10 d\u00f6n\u00fcmden fazlad\u0131r. \u00c7in ise ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen ekili arazi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda 126. s\u0131ran\u0131n gerisindedir; \u00fclke genelinde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen ekili arazi 1,39 d\u00f6n\u00fcmd\u00fcr; ABD\u2019deki ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen arazi miktar\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019inkinden 7 kat fazlad\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in et, k\u00fcmes hayvan\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, yumurta, s\u00fct ve yenilebilir ya\u011f gibi yan g\u0131da maddelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 ithalatla kar\u015f\u0131lanmakta, bu alandaki ABD\u2019ye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019dur; tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri aras\u0131nda soya fasulyesi ithalat ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 %85 gibi y\u00fcksek bir orana ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r; ABD\u2019nin soya fasulyesi ihracat ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise %50 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bu ihracat\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %25\u2019i \u00c7in\u2019e yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yurt i\u00e7inde \u00fcretilen et, k\u00fcmes hayvan\u0131, yumurta, s\u00fct gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin de hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de \u00c7in\u2019deki yabanc\u0131 sermayeli firmalar taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u015fu anda ABD\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k hava e\u011flence sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lan ithal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin %41\u2019i giysi, %72\u2019si ayakkab\u0131 ve \u00e7izme, %84\u2019\u00fc seyahat malzemesi olup, bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc \u00c7in\u2019den gelmektedir. \u00c7in\u2019in \u00fcretti\u011fi oyuncaklar, bavullar ve mobilyalar ABD pazar\u0131nda s\u0131ras\u0131yla %86, %61 ve %44\u2019l\u00fck paylara sahiptir. Halihaz\u0131rda \u00c7in\u2019de kullan\u0131lan iPhone say\u0131s\u0131 310 milyonun \u00fczerindedir, bu rakam ABD\u2019de kullan\u0131lan iPhone ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131ndan fazlad\u0131r. \u00c7in, Boeing firmas\u0131ndan 1000\u2019den fazla u\u00e7ak sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve \u00c7in\u2019de \u015fu anda faal olan ticari b\u00fcy\u00fck yolcu u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n %50\u2019sinden fazlas\u0131 Boeing marka u\u00e7aklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca 2008 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar ge\u00e7en 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin federal borcu 10,6 trilyon dolardan 22,01 trilyon dolara f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u00c7in\u2019in elindeki ABD hazine tahvili miktar\u0131 ise 1,12 trilyon dolard\u0131r. Dolar\u0131n de\u011fer kazanmas\u0131 durumunda, \u00c7in\u2019in ihracat gelirleri azalacak, ayr\u0131ca yabanc\u0131 sermaye b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kabilecektir; dolar\u0131n de\u011fer kaybetmesi halinde ise \u00c7in\u2019in d\u00f6viz rezervlerinin de\u011feri d\u00fc\u015fecektir. Genel olarak \u00e7ok uluslu \u015firketlerin \u00c7in\u2019deki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n getirisi %22\u2019dir; 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019deki yat\u0131r\u0131m getirisi %33 iken, \u00c7in\u2019in elindeki ABD devlet tahvillerinin getirisi yaln\u0131zca %3 ila %4 civar\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 veren \u00fclkesidir; \u00c7in, ABD\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck ihracat pazar\u0131d\u0131r (%8), en b\u00fcy\u00fck ithalat kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r (%21) ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ABD\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 verdi\u011fi \u00fclkedir (%47). \u00c7in ayr\u0131ca ABD\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ithalat orta\u011f\u0131 konumundad\u0131r. [12] ABD y\u00f6netiminin, \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in ile olmak \u00fczere, d\u00fcnyayla ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelerine giri\u015fmesi, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde etkileyecek; ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7in ulusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck gen\u00e7le\u015fmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecini de olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda olaylar\u0131n \u00f6teki y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de g\u00f6rmemiz gerekir. Mao Zedung \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBizler olaylara b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir \u015fekilde bakmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeliyiz; yaln\u0131zca i\u015flerin olumlu yanlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, olumsuz yanlar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6rmeliyiz. Belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feyler iyi sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilir.\u201d [13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mao Zedung\u2019un burada bahsetti\u011fi \u201cbelirli ko\u015fullar\u201d, do\u011fru \u00f6znel iradenin ortaya konmas\u0131d\u0131r. 1840\u2019tan bu yana \u00c7in ulusu \u00e7ok fazla felaket ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bu elbette k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015feydir. Ancak bu felaketler, \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin do\u011fmas\u0131na ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine, Mao Zedung\u2019un temsil etti\u011fi eski ku\u015fak devrimcilerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na, \u00c7in halk\u0131n\u0131n genel olarak uyanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Sonu\u00e7 olarak sosyalist \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti ve ard\u0131ndan \u00c7in\u2019e \u00d6zg\u00fc Sosyalizm do\u011fmu\u015ftur \u2014 bu ise iyi bir \u015feydir. \u201cFelaketin i\u00e7inde mutluluk gizlidir, mutlulu\u011fun i\u00e7inde felaket sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d Uygun ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda felaket ile mutluluk birbiriyle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bir anlamda, yaln\u0131zca teorik e\u011fitim insanlar\u0131 bilin\u00e7lendiremez; b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck felaketler sonucunda do\u011far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1965 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015eubat ay\u0131nda, D\u00fcnya Bilgisi Yay\u0131nevi, \u201cHru\u015f\u00e7ov\u2019un S\u00f6zleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cildin yay\u0131n notlar\u0131nda Mao Zedung\u2019un \u015fu s\u00f6zlerine yer vermi\u015ftir: \u201cDevrimci bir parti, devrimci bir halk, her zaman hem olumlu hem de olumsuz \u015feylerden ders ve e\u011fitim almal\u0131d\u0131r; ancak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ve k\u0131yas yoluyla olgunla\u015fabilir ve zafer kazanma g\u00fcvencesi elde edebilir. Biz \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnistlerinin olumlu \u00f6\u011fretmenleri vard\u0131r, bunlar Marx, Engels, Lenin ve Stalin\u2019dir. Ama bizim ayn\u0131 zamanda olumsuz \u00f6\u011fretmenlerimiz de vard\u0131r.\u201d; E\u011fer sadece olumlu \u00f6\u011fretmenler varsa ama olumsuz \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin etkisi yoksa, o zaman ki\u015fi ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir diyalektik materyalist de\u011fildir.\u201d [14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam da bu nedenle, 18 Aral\u0131k 1970\u2019te Mao Zedung, Amerikal\u0131 dost Edgar Snow\u2019u kabul ederken \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cBen Demokratlar\u0131 sevmem, Cumhuriyet\u00e7ileri daha \u00e7ok severim. Nixon\u2019un iktidara gelmesini memnuniyetle kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131m. Neden mi? Onun da ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc y\u00f6nleri var, ama daha az. Bana inan\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n? Nixon daha \u00e7ok sert davran\u0131r, \u00e7ok az yumu\u015fakt\u0131r. Ben d\u00fcnyadaki en gerici insanlar\u0131 severim. Sosyal demokratlar\u0131 ya da revizyonistleri hi\u00e7 sevmem. Revizyonizmin ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc bir y\u00f6n\u00fc vard\u0131r.\u201d [15]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, t\u0131pk\u0131 Japonya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 verilen Direni\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 gibi, \u00c7in-ABD ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeleri ne kadar uzun s\u00fcrer ve ne kadar \u015fiddetli ge\u00e7erse, \u00c7in halk\u0131 \u2013 \u00f6zellikle de her kademedeki kadrolar \u2013 o kadar fazla e\u011fitilir. Uzun zamand\u0131r emperyalistler kendilerini uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, y\u00fcksek ahlak\u0131n ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temsilcisi gibi g\u00f6stermekte, b\u00f6ylece bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131 aldatmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7in-ABD ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda ABD y\u00f6netimi ne kadar mant\u0131ks\u0131z davran\u0131r, ne kadar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz hareket ederse, bu \u00c7in a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc olursa olsun, ayn\u0131 zamanda bize hegemonizmin ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc daha iyi tan\u0131ma f\u0131rsat\u0131 verir; b\u00f6ylece k\u00f6t\u00fc olan durum iyiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ama zorba bir d\u00fc\u015fman, asl\u0131nda en iyi \u00f6\u011fretmendir. ABD, \u00c7in\u2019e y\u00f6nelik her \u00e7\u0131plak sabotaj eylemiyle bu rol\u00fc oynar. A\u011fustos 1948\u2019de ABD emperyalizminin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 abluka tehdidine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Mao Zedung \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cBiraz zorluk olmu\u015f, ne olmu\u015f yani? Abluka m\u0131, buyursunlar, sekiz on y\u0131l s\u00fcrs\u00fcn. \u00c7in\u2019in t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr o zaman. \u00c7inliler \u00f6l\u00fcmden korkmuyor, zorluktan m\u0131 korkacak?\u201d [16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan bu yana, \u00c7in\u2019in uzay sanayi hep Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ablukas\u0131n\u0131n hedefi olmu\u015ftur; ama bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019in uzay sanayisi d\u00fcnyada \u00f6nc\u00fc konumdad\u0131r. Gelecek y\u0131llarda, Xi Jinping Yolda\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011finde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Parti Merkez Komitesi\u2019nin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6nderli\u011finde, \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi ve \u00c7in halk\u0131, karma\u015f\u0131k uluslararas\u0131 m\u00fccadele ortam\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok f\u0131rt\u0131na ya\u015fayacak, daha fazla deneyim kazanacak ve \u00c7in mutlaka daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenecektir. Kibirli ve kendini be\u011fenmi\u015f baz\u0131 hegemonik \u00fclkeler ise genellikle istediklerinin tam tersini ya\u015far; fark\u0131nda olmadan hep \u00c7in\u2019in \u201cen iyi \u00f6\u011fretmeni\u201d haline gelirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Ticari S\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fme Tesad\u00fcf m\u00fc, Zorunluluk mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 yolda\u015flar, ABD\u2019nin ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesini ba\u015flatmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedenini basit\u00e7e, \u00c7in\u2019in  ulusun b\u00fcy\u00fck gen\u00e7le\u015fmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6rkemli plan\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok erken bir tarihte ilan etmesine, \u201cMade in China 2025\u201d plan\u0131n\u0131 erken duyurmas\u0131na, hatta \u201cG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00c7in\u201d gibi bir slogan\u0131 erken bir zamanda ortaya koymas\u0131na ba\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 yolda\u015flar da, ABD\u2019nin ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesini ba\u015flatma nedenini, partimizin Marx\u2019\u0131n do\u011fumunun 200. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc co\u015fkuyla anmas\u0131na dayand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Onlara g\u00f6re, e\u011fer bu ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 ABD k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lmaz, \u00c7in-ABD ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesi ya\u015fanmazd\u0131; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ABD\u2019nin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesi, \u00c7in taraf\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan ve \u201cg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc gizle, zamana oyna\u201d ilkesine uymamas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bir tesad\u00fcf olay\u0131d\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, art\u0131k bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marksizme g\u00f6re, olaylar\u0131n zorunlulu\u011fu genellikle tesad\u00fcf yoluyla kendini g\u00f6sterir. \u00c7in ile ABD aras\u0131ndaki bu aniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesi y\u00fczeyde tesad\u00fcfi bir olay gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, \u00f6z\u00fcnde belirleyici olan zorunluluktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha 13 A\u011fustos 1945’te, Mao Zedung \u201cAnti-Japon Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Zaferinden Sonraki Durum ve Bizim Politikam\u0131z\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cAmerikan emperyalizmi \u00c7in\u2019i Amerika\u2019n\u0131n bir uydusu haline getirmek istiyor, bu politikay\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden belirlemi\u015ftir.\u201d [17]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1949 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Haziran ay\u0131nda Mao Zedung, \u201cHalk\u0131n Demokratik Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00dczerine\u201d adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u015funlar\u0131 dile getirmi\u015fti: \u201cBiz, Jingyang Tepesi\u2019ndeki Wu Song gibi olmal\u0131y\u0131z. Wu Song\u2019a g\u00f6re Jingyang Tepesi\u2019ndeki kaplan, onu k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtsan da k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmasan da insan\u0131 yiyecekti.\u201d [18]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amerikan h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri birbiri ard\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olsa da, \u00c7in\u2019i Amerika’n\u0131n uydusu yapma temel hedefi hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi do\u011fru \u015fekilde kavramak son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Bana g\u00f6re, ABD’nin \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesi sadece ve sadece bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r; \u00c7in\u2019i ABD\u2019nin uydusu haline getirmek ise as\u0131l ve temel amac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD\u2019nin ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesini ba\u015flatmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, Trump y\u00f6netiminin mevcut k\u00fcresel ticaret d\u00fczeninin ABD\u2019nin reel ekonomisinin geli\u015fmesine hi\u00e7 de uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatine varm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. ABD, uluslararas\u0131 tekelci mali-kapitalizm taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilmektedir; ancak ABD’nin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle de finansal hegemonyas\u0131 ve askeri \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle birlikte, imalat sanayisinin i\u00e7inin bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131, sanal ekonomi ile reel ekonomisi aras\u0131ndaki dengesizlik gibi nedenlerle, reel ekonomi art\u0131k \u00fclke ekonomisinin normal i\u015fleyi\u015fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcremeyecek hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, ABD\u2019de finansal krizlerin \u00e7\u0131kma s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fiddetini s\u00fcrekli art\u0131rmakta ve nihayetinde ABD’nin rekabet avantaj\u0131na zarar vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amerikan y\u00f6netimi, i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki krizleri ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fleri s\u00fcrekli olarak d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirmekte, d\u0131\u015far\u0131da d\u00fc\u015fman aramakta ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerle, \u00f6zellikle de y\u00fckselen b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na girmektedir. ABD\u2019nin bu t\u00fcr eylemleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131f\u0131r toplaml\u0131 oyun mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve hegemonya mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayan\u0131yor. Bu t\u00fcr bir hegemonya mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frultusunda, ABD kendi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin y\u00fckseli\u015flerini tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Bu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u015fey. Bu nedenle \u00c7in\u2019in bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l y\u00fckseli\u015fi, \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019e \u00d6zg\u00fc Sosyalizmin ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ve etkisi, ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak \u201cstratejik tehdit\u201d olarak alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu, \u00c7in ile ABD aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin temelinde yatan yap\u0131sal, uzun vadeli ve stratejik \u00e7eli\u015fkilerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ba\u011flamda bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00c7in ile ABD aras\u0131ndaki ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesi tesad\u00fcfi de\u011fil, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Bu, \u00c7in\u2019in geli\u015fiminin belirli bir a\u015famas\u0131nda, \u00c7in ile ABD aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 zorunlu olan bir \u00e7eli\u015fkidir. \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve yeniden y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7mesi, insanl\u0131k tarihinin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7in, halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, partinin do\u011fru \u00f6nderli\u011fi, sosyalist sistemin avantajlar\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kalk\u0131nma stratejisi sayesinde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fcne ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u015far\u0131, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, halk\u0131 daha iyi ya\u015fatmak ve insanl\u0131\u011fa katk\u0131 sunmak i\u00e7indir. Ancak hegemonik g\u00fc\u00e7ler, bizim bu ba\u015far\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bir tehdit olarak g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenle, \u00c7in’in ABD ile ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaret s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmesi, yaln\u0131zca ekonomik bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler ile geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin, yeni y\u00fckselen g\u00fc\u00e7ler ile geleneksel hegemon g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin, \u00f6zellikle de sosyalist \u00c7in ile kapitalist ABD aras\u0131ndaki stratejik rekabetin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imidir. Bu \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin hareketi s\u00fcrecinde, tek tek olaylar tesad\u00fcfi olabilir ama s\u00fcrecin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc tarihsel olarak ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenle, bizim yapmam\u0131z gereken \u015fey \u201csakin kalmak, so\u011fukkanl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, bilin\u00e7li analiz yapmak ve aktif yan\u0131tlar \u00fcretmektir\u201d. Karma\u015f\u0131k ve sert uluslararas\u0131 ortamda, yaln\u0131zca stratejik sab\u0131r ve uzun vadeli diren\u00e7le, ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ve egemenli\u011fi koruyabiliriz. Yaln\u0131zca halk\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayanarak, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131y\u0131 a\u015fabilir, b\u00fcy\u00fck hedeflerimize ula\u015fabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] Lenin Se\u00e7me Eserler, Cilt 4, Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995, s.148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] Lenin Se\u00e7me Eserler, Cilt 4, Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995, s.211.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] Lenin Se\u00e7me Eserler, Cilt 4, Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995, s.734.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] Mao Zedung Askeri Yaz\u0131lar, Cilt 3, Askeri Bilimler Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 & Merkez Yay\u0131nlar, 1993, s.50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] Mao Zedung Se\u00e7me Eserler, Cilt 4, Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1991, s.1436.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] Mao Zedung Yaz\u0131lar, Cilt 7, Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999, s.332.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] Xi Jinping, ABD Ticaret Temsilcisi ve Maliye Bakan\u0131 ile G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, Halk\u0131n G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 16 \u015eubat 2019, s.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] Xi Jinping, ABD Ticaret Temsilcisi ve Maliye Bakan\u0131 ile G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, Halk\u0131n G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 16 \u015eubat 2019, s.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9] Lenin Se\u00e7me Eserler, Cilt 4, Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995, s.735.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10] Mao Zedung Kronolojisi (1949\u20131976), Cilt 4, Merkez Yay\u0131nlar, 2013, s.321.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11] Xi Jinping: Reform ve A\u00e7\u0131lman\u0131n 40. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Kutlama Konu\u015fmas\u0131, Halk\u0131n G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 19 Aral\u0131k 2018, s.2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12] Yukar\u0131daki veriler esas olarak Xinhua Haber Ajans\u0131 D\u00fcnya Sorunlar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\u2019nden Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Li Changjiu\u2019ya aittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13] Mao Zedung Yaz\u0131lar, Cilt 7, Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999, s.238.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14] Kru\u015f\u00e7ev\u2019in S\u00f6zleri, Cilt 3, Yay\u0131nc\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, Halk\u0131n G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 26 \u015eubat 1965.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15] Yeni \u00c7in Kurulu\u015fundan Sonraki Mao Zedung Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Cilt 13, Merkez Yay\u0131nlar, 1998, s.164\u2013170.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16] Mao Zedung Se\u00e7me Eserler, Cilt 4, Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1991, s.1496.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17] Mao Zedung Se\u00e7me Eserler, Cilt 4, Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1991, s.1132.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18] Mao Zedung Se\u00e7me Eserler, Cilt 4, Halk Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1991, s.1473.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7in-ABD Ticaret Sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in Ne Yapmal\u0131? Prof. Wang Weiguang, iktisat\u00e7\u0131; \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Merkez Komitesi eski \u00fcyesi ve \u00c7in Sosyal Bilimler Akademisi eski ba\u015fkan\u0131, 30 Nisan 2025  \u00c7eviren: Ferdi Bekir Ancak ve ancak Marksist duru\u015f, bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve y\u00f6ntemleri kullanarak y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimleri do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anlay\u0131p bilimsel olarak de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fimizde, \u00c7in-ABD ticaret […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,5,8,9,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dunya-sosyalizmi-tr","category-dunya-sosyalizmi","category-kapitalizm","category-klasikler","category-sosyalist-ulkeler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5480"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5932,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5480\/revisions\/5932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}