{"id":5591,"date":"2025-06-09T14:13:18","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T14:13:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5591"},"modified":"2025-06-09T16:02:58","modified_gmt":"2025-06-09T16:02:58","slug":"ikinci-tipin-1975-1987-burjuvazi-uzerine-dusunceleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5591","title":{"rendered":"\u0130kinci T\u0130P\u2019in (1975-1987) Burjuvazi \u00fczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130kinci T\u0130P\u2019in (1975-1987) Burjuvazi \u00fczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci T\u0130P\u2019in Askeri-b\u00fcrokratik Z\u00fcmre \u00dczerine G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

T\u0130P\u2019in  MDD\u2019cilerle ortak teorik zemini<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Kemal Okur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0130P PROGRAMINDAN ALINTILAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Behice<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tekelci burjuvazi, di\u011fer burjuva s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kendisine m\u00fcttefik yapamad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yo\u011funla\u015fma ve merkezile\u015fme \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Bat\u0131’daki benzerlerinden geri d\u00fczeyde olan T\u00fcrkiye’deki tekelle\u015fme e\u011filiminin \u00f6n\u00fcnde daha alabilece\u011fi mesafe bulunmaktad\u0131r. Tekeller aras\u0131 rekabet hen\u00fcz ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerdeki d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tekellerle banka sermayesi aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Tasarruflar\u0131 do\u011frudan toplay\u0131p yat\u0131r\u0131mlara aktarma ihtiyac\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelerle bankalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmektedir. Ancak bu kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelme, banka sisteminin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta sanayi \u00fczerindeki hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 etkilememektedir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, tekelci b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye, burjuvazinin di\u011fer kesim ve dallar\u0131 \u00fczerinde hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak kurup onu kendine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 k\u0131larak yeni bir s\u0131n\u0131fsal ittifak bi\u00e7imi olu\u015fturamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar ittifak\u0131 i\u00e7indeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeler ise politik d\u00fczeyde bir iktidar bo\u015flu\u011fu yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta burjuvazi ile tekelci burjuvazi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOrta Burjuvazi \u0130le \u0130li\u015fkiler de Bozulmu\u015ftur.\u201d Egemen s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131 ittifak ve ili\u015fkiler bozuldu\u011fu gibi orta burjuvazi ile de ili\u015fkiler bozulmu\u015ftur\u2026 Ayr\u0131ca, tekel d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sermayenin tekelci sermayeyle olan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 temel, uzla\u015fmaz bir \u00e7eli\u015fki de\u011fildir, oysa i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile \u00e7eli\u015fkisi bu niteliktedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0130P  \u201cSivil-asker-ayd\u0131n z\u00fcmreyi\u201d nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu: K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva radikalizmi teorisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva radikalizmi ile burjuvazi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fme var. \u00d6zellikle h\u0131zl\u0131 tekelle\u015fme dolay\u0131s\u0131yla\u2026. 1960 bir darbe de\u011fildi,<\/strong> Burjuvazinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zemez hale geldi\u011fi bir s\u0131rada, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva radikalizmi bu iktidar\u0131n 1950 – 1960 aras\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7ime ve uygulamalara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve bunun sonucunda 27 May\u0131s hareketi meydana gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0130P 1960-1971 aras\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu: \u201c\u00e7ok partili demokrasi\u201d burjuvazinin g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kmaktayd\u0131: (T\u0131rnak i\u00e7inde burjuva demokrasisi- yani geli\u015fkin Bat\u0131 demokrasisi yok diyor)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1971 nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu:  27 May\u0131s hareketi ister istemez demokrasiden yana ve bunun i\u00e7in de halk kitlelerinden yana 1961 Anayasas\u0131n\u0131 da birlikte getirmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fverenlerin sendika se\u00e7me \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc engellemeleri, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin direni\u015flerine, fabrikalar\u0131 i\u015fgallerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Gen\u00e7lik hareketleri \u00dcniversite ve e\u011fitim konular\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak politik sorunlara y\u00f6neldi, eylemler birbirini izledi. Toplumsal hareketlilik, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler ve boykotlar esnafa ve b\u00fcrokrasinin \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimlerine kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fka bir \u00f6nemli geli\u015fim de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva radikalizminin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi, \u00fclke politikas\u0131nda etkin rol oynamaya y\u00f6nelmesiydi. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm asker, sivil kadrolar ve ayd\u0131nlar sosyal adalet\u00e7i reformlar istiyorlar, bunun i\u00e7in de y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek gere\u011fini duyuyorlard\u0131. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva kadro ve ayd\u0131n kesimleriyle burjuvazi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fme ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fme, \u00f6zellikle tekelle\u015fme y\u00f6neli\u015fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla keskinle\u015ferek s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu toplumsal geli\u015fmelerin do\u011furdu\u011fu sorunlar ve \u00e7alkant\u0131larla A.P. iktidar\u0131 ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kam\u0131yordu. Bu iktidar\u0131n, ta\u00ad\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131 ve tar\u0131m gelirlerini vergileme konusundaki haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye kapitalizminin \u00f6zellikle sanayi kesiminin sat\u0131\u015f sorunu ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kapasite kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 Adalet Partisini (Demirel) burjuvazinin baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerine de ters d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0130P\u2019in  Sivil-asker-ayd\u0131n z\u00fcmre analizi (Burda, MDD\u2019cilerle olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yor–K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131 ve Mihri Belli )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sivil asker kadrolar (Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 biz koyduk)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yeni kavu\u015fmu\u015f geri \u00fclkelerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ayd\u0131nlar, yerli burjuvazinin yoklu\u011fu veya g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, devlet ve ordu kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerinin olu\u015fturmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 artan etkinlikleriyle toplumlar\u0131nda, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n Bat\u0131’da oynamad\u0131klar\u0131 bir rol oynam\u0131\u015f ve oynamaktad\u0131rlar. T\u00fcrkiye’de de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesimi devletin sivil ve asker kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015flar, bu ve di\u011fer nedenlerle Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun son d\u00f6neminden bu yana \u00fclkenin tarihinde aktif olmu\u015flar, burjuva demokratik hareketlerde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ayd\u0131n kesim konusunda \u015fu noktalar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r: 1) Bu tabaka d\u00fczenle kayna\u015f\u0131p uyu\u015fan, burjuvaziyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi halinde olan, tekellerin y\u00fcksek gelirli y\u00f6neticileri olarak onlarla uyum i\u00e7ine giren \u00fcst kademe b\u00fcrokrat ve teknokrat kesim ile, ya\u015fam d\u00fczeyleri ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 emek\u00e7i kitlelerden farkl\u0131 olmayan, hatta bir kesimiyle alt\u0131nda olan kalabal\u0131k memur kitlesi, \u00f6\u011fretmenler ve tekelle\u015fmenin kendilerini sermayeden giderek daha \u00e7ok uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknik elemanlar olarak ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Oyak, Meyak gibi kurulu\u015f ve giri\u015fimlerle sivil-asker kadrolar\u0131n, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde d\u00fczenle kayna\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7abalar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 3) Bu kayna\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131na ve kayna\u015fma olgusuna kar\u015f\u0131n, sivil-asker kadrolar\u0131n hi\u00e7 de\u011filse bir kesimi ile burjuvazi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7eki\u015fme s\u00fcregelmektedir. Bu kadrolar bir yan\u0131yla daha uzla\u015f\u0131c\u0131 bir duruma girerken, bir yan\u0131yla da daha radikalle\u015fmekte ve reformcu, antiemperyalist nitelikleri daha belirginle\u015f\u00admektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizde istek ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini bilin\u00e7li olarak dile getiren bu kesim i\u00e7inde ilerici elemanlar \u00e7oktur. Bunlar Sosyal adalet\u00e7i, sosyal demokrasiye ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva sosyalizmine yatk\u0131nd\u0131rlar. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bir potansiyelleri vard\u0131r. Sosyalist ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu kesimden \u00e7\u0131kar. Ayr\u0131ca bu kesimin genellikle \u00fcyeler ve y\u00f6neticiler aras\u0131nda egemen durumda bulundu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ilerici demokratik kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, \u00fclkenin demokratik g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130kinci T\u0130P\u2019in (1975-1987) Burjuvazi \u00fczerine D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri \u0130kinci T\u0130P\u2019in Askeri-b\u00fcrokratik Z\u00fcmre \u00dczerine G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri T\u0130P\u2019in  MDD\u2019cilerle ortak teorik zemini Kemal Okur T\u0130P PROGRAMINDAN ALINTILAR T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tekelci burjuvazi, di\u011fer burjuva s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kendisine m\u00fcttefik yapamad\u0131 Yo\u011funla\u015fma ve merkezile\u015fme \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Bat\u0131’daki benzerlerinden geri d\u00fczeyde olan T\u00fcrkiye’deki tekelle\u015fme e\u011filiminin \u00f6n\u00fcnde daha alabilece\u011fi mesafe bulunmaktad\u0131r. Tekeller aras\u0131 rekabet hen\u00fcz ileri kapitalist […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel-tr"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5591"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5595,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5591\/revisions\/5595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}