{"id":5775,"date":"2025-09-22T17:03:21","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T17:03:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5775"},"modified":"2025-09-22T17:04:21","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T17:04:21","slug":"tkp-14-kongresine-sunulan-tezler-tipik-bir-tikellige-asiri-vurgu-ve-evrenselligin-dunyadaki-cagdas-trendlerin-butunsel-analizinin-gozden-kacirilmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5775","title":{"rendered":"TKP 14. Kongresi\u2019ne Sunulan Tezler: Tipik Bir Tikelli\u011fe A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Vurgu ve Evrenselli\u011fin, D\u00fcnyadaki \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Trendlerin B\u00fct\u00fcnsel Analizinin G\u00f6zden Ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

TKP 14. Kongresi\u2019ne Sunulan Tezler: Tipik Bir Tikelli\u011fe A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Vurgu ve Evrenselli\u011fin, D\u00fcnyadaki \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Trendlerin B\u00fct\u00fcnsel Analizinin G\u00f6zden Ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Kemal Okur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

May\u0131s 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1970-80\u2019lerde Britanya\u2019da Neo-marksist okullar ve yazarlar i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fma Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de etkili olmu\u015f, bu \u00fclkelerdeki Marksistlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini etkilemi\u015fti. Althusser\u2019in \u201c\u00e7oklu belirlenim\u201d<\/strong> teorisi, Miliband ve Poulantzas\u2019\u0131n<\/strong> burjuva akademisinde ve Sosyal demokrat<\/strong> ak\u0131mda etkili olan \u00e7o\u011fulcu devlet teorisinden<\/strong> etkilenen devletin hakim s\u0131n\u0131f olan burjuvaziden \u00f6zerkle\u015fti\u011fini savunan Neo-Marksist devlet teorileri<\/strong> de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de girmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu Neo-Marksist yorumcular aras\u0131nda E.P Thompson\u2019un  <\/strong>tikelli\u011fe a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 vurgu yapan, ampirizimi y\u00fccelten ve teorik modeller kurma gereksinimini  g\u00f6rmezden gelen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de etkili olmu\u015ftur. Thompson’\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, teoriler yerine olgular\u0131, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131k yerine \u015fans ve tesad\u00fcfleri ve evrensel yerine tikeli vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thompson,<\/strong> kendi tarihselci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ilkelerini savunurken, tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemleri teorik soyutlama d\u00fczeyine y\u00fckseltmeyi ve bunu teorik bir y\u00f6ntem olarak ele almay\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir. Bu tam da tarihselci okulda somut ve tikel olana yap\u0131lan vurgunun, asl\u0131nda soyut ve evrensel olan\u0131n ihmal edilmesinin bir ifadesiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thompson etkisi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Marksist ak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki politik ve sosyal geli\u015fmeler i\u00e7ine hapsolmay\u0131, d\u00fcnyadaki yeni toplumsal ve politik trendlerin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ihmaline, d\u00fcnya sosyalizm ak\u0131m\u0131ndaki yenilikleri ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ihmaline yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  Oysa– belirli ko\u015fullarda tikelin evrensel olana kar\u015f\u0131 etkisi ihmal edilmemek ko\u015fuluyla–<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 evrensel ile tikel aras\u0131ndaki ve D\u00fcnya ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki diyalektik ili\u015fkide belirleyici olan<\/strong> d\u00fcnyadaki temel trendler ve evrenselliktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu hatan\u0131n tipik bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olan bir \u00f6rne\u011fi okuyucular\u0131n dikkatine sunuyoruz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2014 y\u0131l\u0131 TKP Parti Kongresi\u2019ne Sunulan tezler:  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TEZ 1. Kapitalizmin d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ideolojik, siyasal ve iktisadi kriz g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tek tek \u00fclkelerde ve \u00f6zel co\u011frafyalarda verilen (ilerici\/devrimci\/sosyalist) m\u00fccadelelerin d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011findeki duruma etkisi d\u00fcne g\u00f6re daha fazla olacakt\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, sosyalizmin belirli bir \u00fclkede ya da co\u011frafyada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u00e7ok daha fazla etkileyecek, belki de aradan ge\u00e7en gerileme d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131nda \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131za bir kez daha \u201csosyalizme ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00f6nemi d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde \u00f6zel bir adla tan\u0131mlayamay\u0131z.  19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fckselen ilk direni\u015f ve m\u00fccadele dalgas\u0131 damga vurmu\u015ftu. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 1917 sonras\u0131 uzunca bir d\u00f6nemine \u201ckapitalizmden sosyalizme ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u201d denmi\u015fti.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

a)D\u00fcnya sosyalist sistemi, b) geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkelerdeki s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleleri ve c) emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 ulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015flar\u0131— bu uzun d\u00f6nemin belirleyici ana \u00f6\u011feleriydi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn ise i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131 sa\u011f ve liberaller taraf\u0131ndan konulmaktad\u0131r: \u201cBilgi toplumu\u201d, \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u201d, \u201c\u00e7o\u011fulcu-ileri demokrasi d\u00f6nemi\u201d vb. gibi. Genel olarak (\u00c7N. Marksist) solun, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz d\u00f6neme kendini merkez alarak koyabilece\u011fi bir ad yoktur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun anlam\u0131, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n (tarihsel d\u00f6nemin) ad\u0131n\u0131n tek tek \u00fclkelerde ve \u00f6zel co\u011frafyalarda verilen s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleleriyle ve ancak belirli bir birikim ve olgunluk sonras\u0131nda konabilecek olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tek tek \u00fclkelerde ve \u00f6zel co\u011frafyalarda verilen s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z kalmas\u0131 durumunda ise \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131za ancak \u201cbarbarl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 verilebilecektir.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TKP 14. Kongresi\u2019ne Sunulan Tezler: Tipik Bir Tikelli\u011fe A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Vurgu ve Evrenselli\u011fin, D\u00fcnyadaki \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Trendlerin B\u00fct\u00fcnsel Analizinin G\u00f6zden Ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Kemal Okur May\u0131s 2024 1970-80\u2019lerde Britanya\u2019da Neo-marksist okullar ve yazarlar i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fma Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de etkili olmu\u015f, bu \u00fclkelerdeki Marksistlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini etkilemi\u015fti. Althusser\u2019in \u201c\u00e7oklu belirlenim\u201d teorisi, Miliband ve Poulantzas\u2019\u0131n burjuva akademisinde ve Sosyal demokrat ak\u0131mda etkili olan \u00e7o\u011fulcu devlet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,53,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel-tr","category-turkiye-sosyalizmi-tr","category-turkiye-sosyalizmi"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5775","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5775"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5775\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5776,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5775\/revisions\/5776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5775"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5775"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5775"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}