{"id":5830,"date":"2025-10-20T21:56:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T21:56:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5830"},"modified":"2025-11-04T18:48:59","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T18:48:59","slug":"cinde-ve-sosyalist-ulkelerde-neden-calisma-saatleri-uzuyor-is-kanunu-neden-care-olmuyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5830","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7in’de ve Sosyalist \u00dclkelerde Neden \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Saatleri Uzuyor: \u0130\u015f Kanunu Neden \u00c7are Olmuyor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c7in’de ve Sosyalist \u00dclkelerde Neden \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Saatleri Uzuyor: \u0130\u015f Kanunu Neden \u00c7are Olmuyor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviren: Ferdi Bekir<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ekim 2025, Pekin China Daily Gazetesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
\u00c7in’de Fazla \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Kad\u0131n \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Son y\u0131llarda \u00c7inli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri konusu geni\u015f \u00e7apta ilgi toplad\u0131. Son veriler, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortalama haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin \u00f6zellikle 2024’te artmaya devam etti\u011fini<\/strong> g\u00f6steriyor. Bu trendde herhangi bir azalma belirtisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi, aksine artmaya devam etmesi bekleniyor. Bu olgu yaln\u0131zca sosyal medyada yayg\u0131n bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7makla kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f yasalar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda da ciddi bir zorluk g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerini iki kez azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 48 saat iken 44 saate indirilmi\u015ftir, 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi g\u00fcnde 8 ve 40 saatlik hafta olarak indirilmi\u015ftir<\/strong>. Ancak bu yasalar mevcut durumun tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirmede ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7in ve Vietnam’da ortalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri yasal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f durumda, \u00c7in’de 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati 48’e, Vietnam’da ise 51’e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Saatlerinde S\u00fcrekli Art\u0131\u015f\u0131n Nedenleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamu \u0130statistik B\u00fcrosu’ndan al\u0131nan veriler, \u00c7inli i\u015fletmelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n ortalama haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin 2015’ten bu yana artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Bu e\u011filim 2024’te de devam etti ve Haziran ay\u0131ndaki ortalama haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati 48,6 saate ula\u015farak<\/strong> yakla\u015f\u0131k son 6 y\u0131l\u0131n en y\u00fcksek ikinci seviyesine yakla\u015ft\u0131. \u0130statistikler, ortalama haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin 2020 ile 2023 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yani \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bu son 3 y\u0131l boyunca 13 ek i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcne e\u015fde\u011fer fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu olgu, \u00c7in’in ekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 k\u00f6kl\u00fc sorunlar\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Uzman Dong Baohua, son 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r yasal k\u0131s\u0131tlara ra\u011fmen \u0130\u015f Kanunu’nun s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 zorluklar oldu\u011funu belirtti. \u00d6zellikle mevcut uluslararas\u0131 rekabet ortam\u0131nda, i\u015fletmeler rekabet g\u00fc\u00e7lerini korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerini art\u0131rma konusunda yo\u011fun bir bask\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumdan yararlanmak isteyen i\u015f\u00e7iler de kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir miktar fazla kazanmak i\u00e7in uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya boyun e\u011fiyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f Kanunu’nun Uygulanmas\u0131ndaki Zorluklar <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti \u0130\u015f Kanunu’nun 36. maddesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin g\u00fcnde 8 saati veya haftada 40 saati ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fini h\u00fckme ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Ancak ger\u00e7ekte, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar genellikle bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Dong Baohua, bu durumun tesad\u00fcfi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. H\u0131zl\u0131 ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6nemlerinde, i\u015fletmelerin genellikle piyasa talebini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in daha fazla insan kayna\u011f\u0131 seferber etmesi gerekmekte ve bu da uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerini ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, \u00c7in tarihsel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerini iki kez azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: 1994’te \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 48 saatten 44 saate indirilmi\u015f ve 1995’te g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma 8 saate, hafta ise 40 saate d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak bu reformlar mevcut durumu tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerindeki kademeli art\u0131\u015f, ekonomik kalk\u0131nma ile i\u015f yasalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fazla Mesai K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve “\u00c7\u0131karc\u0131 Kurt K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn” Yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Son y\u0131llarda, “996” \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemi (sabah 9’dan ak\u015fam 9’a, haftada 6 g\u00fcn) ve “b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hafta” (uzun ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hafta) gibi fazla mesai uygulamalar\u0131 sosyal medyada s\u0131cak tart\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu fazla mesai k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yaln\u0131zca internet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yayg\u0131n olmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlere de yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 \u015firketler tavizler vermek istese de, pratikte i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak genellikle zor olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu olgunun ard\u0131ndaki nedenler \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Birinci olarak, ekonomik belirsizlik ve uluslararas\u0131 piyasalar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131, \u015firketleri rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in fazla mesai yapmaya zorlamaktad\u0131r. \u0130kinci olarak, yerel i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131ndaki arz-talep ili\u015fkisi de fazla mesai k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Mevcut durumda yaln\u0131zca bir g\u00fcn izin vermek bir\u00e7ok \u015firket i\u00e7in norm haline gelmi\u015ftir ve i\u015fe al\u0131m uzmanlar\u0131 genellikle \u00fccret ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri aras\u0131nda uzla\u015fma sa\u011flamak zorunda kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Alanda Durum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn verileri, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda istatistikleri mevcut 167 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 8 \u00fclkenin ortalama haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatinin 44 saati a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00c7in’in rakam\u0131 di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeden daha y\u00fcksektir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclke daha kat\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 benimsemi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Avrupa ve Amerika \u00fclkeleri genellikle be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck, sekiz saatlik i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc sistemi uygulamakta ve dinlenme g\u00fcnlerinin s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne Yapmal\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevcut \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri art\u0131\u015f\u0131 e\u011filimi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Dong Baohua kurumsal iyile\u015ftirmelere ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kaynakl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmler m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede i\u015f kazas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmeli<\/strong> ve 40 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 gerektiren sekt\u00f6rler belirlenmeli ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kolluk kuvvetlerinin denetimi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca, mevcut i\u015fe al\u0131m durumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve ilgili birimler, i\u015fletme istihdam sistemlerinin denetimini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeli, daha makul ve insani \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemlerinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeli ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n me\u015fru hak ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bu sorunun k\u0131sa vadede \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi \u00f6nemli bir zorluk olmaya devam ediyor. Dong Baohua, \u00c7in’in mevcut ekonomik kalk\u0131nma d\u00fczeyi ve uluslararas\u0131 rekabet ortam\u0131n\u0131n fazla mesaiyi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirtiyor. Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek ve temel haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak uzun ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel olarak, uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri olgusu, \u00c7in’in h\u0131zl\u0131 ekonomik geli\u015fimi ile i\u015f kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Daha iyi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmet, kurumsal ve piyasa temelli yakla\u015f\u0131mlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u015f kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n etkili bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7in’de ve Sosyalist \u00dclkelerde Neden \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Saatleri Uzuyor: \u0130\u015f Kanunu Neden \u00c7are Olmuyor \u00c7eviren: Ferdi Bekir Ekim 2025, Pekin China Daily Gazetesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda \u00c7inli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri konusu geni\u015f \u00e7apta ilgi toplad\u0131. Son veriler, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortalama haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin \u00f6zellikle 2024’te artmaya devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Bu trendde herhangi bir azalma belirtisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi, aksine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,51,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dunya-sosyalizmi","category-dunya-sosyalizmi-tr","category-sosyalist-ulkeler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5830","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5830"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5830\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5928,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5830\/revisions\/5928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5830"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}