{"id":5833,"date":"2025-10-20T22:52:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T22:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5833"},"modified":"2025-10-20T22:52:58","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T22:52:58","slug":"sosyalist-ulkelerde-sermaye-ve-ucretli-emek-nasil-dengeleniyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5833","title":{"rendered":"Sosyalist \u00dclkelerde Sermaye ve \u00dccretli Emek Nas\u0131l Dengeleniyor?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sosyalist \u00dclkelerde Sermaye ve \u00dccretli Emek Nas\u0131l Dengeleniyor<\/strong>?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in-Vietnam-K\u00fcba\u2019da<\/strong> Sermaye ve \u00dccretli Emek Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fkiler<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Cem K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7e\u00e7, Ekim 2025<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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\u00c7in’de bir i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pratikte bug\u00fcn sosyalizmde \u0131srar eden \u00c7in-Vietnam-K\u00fcba ve di\u011fer sosyalist \u00fclkeler istikrarl\u0131 bir ekonomik ve toplumsal geli\u015fme ve kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek ve uyumlu emek-sermaye ili\u015fkileri kurmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. \u00d6ncelikle bu \u00fclkelerdeki h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin kom\u00fcnist partilerin hegemonyas\u0131 alt\u0131nda olan i\u015f\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri (devletleri) oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k bir ger\u00e7ekliktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u00c7in, Vietnam ve Laos\u2019ta bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ve sermaye pazar\u0131<\/strong> mevcuttur, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc pazar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyici rol\u00fc tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 ve ikincildir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015fyerlerini kendi tercihleri ile belirlemektedir. K\u00fcba ve Demokratik Kore\u2019de ise i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ve sermaye pazar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde merkezi olarak h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmektedir ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc pazar\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fc olduk\u00e7a s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fyerleri h\u00fck\u00fcmet atamalar\u0131 yoluyla belirlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalist \u00dclkelerde emek-sermaye ili\u015fkilerinde uyum ve uzla\u015fma nas\u0131l sa\u011flan\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marx ve Lenin\u2019in<\/strong> belirtti\u011fi gibi sosyalizm kom\u00fcnizmin ilk birinci a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r… Sosyalist \u00fclkelerin <\/strong>t\u00fcm \u00e7abalar\u0131 \u00fclkelerini bu birinci a\u015famaya do\u011fru ilerletmektir. Fakat bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sosyalist \u00fclkelerin sahip oldu\u011fu sosyalizm ve bu \u00fclkelerdeki sosyalist toplumsal sisteminin \u00f6z\u00fc olan sosyalist kamu m\u00fclkiyeti \u00fcretim<\/strong> ili\u015fkileri hen\u00fcz bu sosyalizm a\u015famas\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a uzakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalist \u00fclkelerdeki \u00fccretli emek-sermaye ili\u015fkileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerdeki durumdan olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r, kapitalist \u00fclkelerde olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, grevler, direni\u015fler g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Fakat sosyalist \u00fclkelerde bu t\u00fcr \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar olduk\u00e7a nadirdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalizmin ilk ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 (\u00f6n) a\u015famas\u0131nda<\/strong> olan sosyalist \u00fclkeler, sermaye ve \u00fccretli emek aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi do\u011fru ele almay\u0131, \u00fcretimde verimlilik ve toplumsal e\u015fitlik aras\u0131nda denge kurmay\u0131, kurumsal d\u00fczenlemeler ve politika ayarlamalar\u0131 yoluyla emek ve sermaye aras\u0131nda uyumlu ve koordineli bir geli\u015fme ili\u015fkisi sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedeflemektedirler. \u00c7in ve Vietnam\u2019daki \u00fccret istatistiklerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerin y\u0131ll\u0131k reel art\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131 \u00fclkenin Milli Gelir art\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksektir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccret d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131mlar\u0131, sosyal haklar, toplumsal geli\u015fme, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fim, e\u011fitim, belediye hizmetleri ve konut alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerlemeler kaydetmi\u015ftir.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalizmin Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 A\u015famas\u0131nda Sermaye ve \u00dccretli emek aras\u0131ndaki \u00c7eli\u015fki Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bkz. Xi Jinping:\u00a02020\u2019den bu yana i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fumuz yeni geli\u015fme a\u015famas\u0131 da<\/strong>\u00a0dahil olmak \u00fczere sosyalizmin ilk ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131nda [\u2026] sermayenin kar pe\u015finde ko\u015fan niteli\u011fi ile sosyalist \u00fcretimin temel amac\u0131 (\u00c7N. halka maddi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hizmet) aras\u0131nda belirli d\u00fczeyde bir \u00e7eli\u015fki olmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Biz de bundan dolay\u0131 diyalektik yakla\u015farak bir yandan sermayeden yararlanmal\u0131, di\u011fer yandan sermayenin verdi\u011fi zararlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeliyiz\u201d.\u00a0<\/strong>Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde\u00a0\u201ctimsah zihniyetli sermaye sahiplerinin\u201d pervas\u0131zca hareket etmesine izin vermemeyi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda sermayenin bir \u00fcretim fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak i\u015flevini tam olarak yerine getirmesi i\u00e7in gereken kontrolleri sa\u011flamay\u0131 ba\u015farmam\u0131z gerekiyor\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xi Jinping: \u201c\u00c7in\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli sermaye t\u00fcrleri bulunuyor, bunlar devlete ait sermaye, kolektif sermaye, \u00f6zel sermaye, yabanc\u0131 sermaye ve karma m\u00fclkiyetli sermaye \u015firketleri gibi […]\u201d.<\/strong>\u00a0Sosyalist pazar ekonomisinde, sermayenin k\u00e2r aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ile i\u015f\u00e7ilerin onurlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve onurlu \u00fccret talepleri aras\u0131nda i\u00e7sel bir gerilim ve \u00e7eli\u015fme vard\u0131r. Pazardaki \u00f6zneler olarak sermaye sahipleri (devlet sermayesini kontrol eden \u00f6zneler dahil) i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f pazarlarda rekabet g\u00fc\u00e7lerini korumak zorundad\u0131r, ancak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi sosyalist toplumun sosyal istikrar\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur. \u0130kisi birbirine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ve uzla\u015fmaz olup, dinamik bir denge gerektirir.\u00a0\u200cFakat sosyalist \u00fclkelerde t\u00fcm kamu sermayeli \u015firketleri karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015f hedef olarak ele almaz, h\u00fck\u00fcmet bir k\u0131s\u0131m kamu sermayeli \u015firketlere halka sunulan toplumsal hizmetleri ucuzlatma g\u00f6revi verir ve kamu sermayeli \u015firketlere karlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 emreder.<\/strong>\u00a0K\u00fcba ve Demokratik Kore\u2019de<\/strong>\u00a0hen\u00fcz yerle\u015fik bir sosyalist Pazar ekonomisi kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ve i\u015fletmelerin y\u00f6netim \u00f6zerklikleri s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in\u00a0verimlilik ve karl\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong>\u00a0kriterleri ve karl\u0131l\u0131k hedefleri h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan merkezi olarak belirlenmektedir. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalist H\u00fck\u00fcmetlere \u0130\u015f\u00e7i \u00dccretleri ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ko\u015fullar\u0131 Ele\u015ftirileri<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ele\u015ftiriler sosyalist \u00fclkelerin i\u00e7inden de geldi\u011fi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli Uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131 kurumlardan, hatta Bat\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler taraf\u0131ndan da gelmektedir.  Halen geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclke a\u015famas\u0131nda olan sosyalist \u00fclkelerde, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerinin ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ideal bir durumun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bunun nedeni sosyalist h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ve iktidarda olan i\u015f\u00e7i partilerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar ve kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulunduklar\u0131 ikilemlerle ilgilidir. Birincisi bu \u00fclkeler \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ekonomik kalk\u0131nma bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndad\u0131rlar, buna g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u0131\u015f kapitalizmin sermaye ve teknoloji bask\u0131s\u0131 da eklenmektedir. <\/strong>Ekonomik kalk\u0131nma bask\u0131s\u0131, n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131 ve halk\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yoksulluktan kurtulmak istemesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca sosyalist \u00fclkelerin sermaye ve teknoloji kaynaklar\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131t fakat i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7ok boldur. Bu onlar\u0131n kapitalist \u00fclkelerle ekonomik rekabette b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar \u00e7ekmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. <\/strong>Sosyalist \u00fclkelerin ekonomide d\u0131\u015fa kapanmalar\u0131 Sovyet modeli deneyinde de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, daha ileri olan d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadan elde edilecek bir\u00e7ok ticari ve ekonomik f\u0131rsat\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Sosyalist \u00fclkelerin kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda d\u00fcnya ekonomisi ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmelerinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir zorunluluk oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalist \u00fclkelerde sermayenin k\u0131t olmas\u0131 bir \u00fcretim fakt\u00f6r\u00fc olan sermayeyi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndan daha de\u011ferli bir konuma getirmektedir. Di\u011fer bir neden ise kapitalist \u00fclkelerden sosyalist \u00fclkeye sermaye ve teknoloji \u00e7ekme ihtiyac\u0131ndan gelmektedir. E\u011fitimli ve ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kapitalist sermayeyi \u00fclkeye \u00e7ekmede b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu nedenlerle sosyalist h\u00fck\u00fcmetler sermayenin h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini te\u015fvik etme ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin refah\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rma ikilemi aras\u0131nda en do\u011fru dengeyi tutturmak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarfetmektedirler. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin refah\u0131n\u0131 ihmal ettikleri takdirde sosyalizmin idealinden uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olacaklar, sermayenin h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flamad\u0131klar\u0131 takdirde kapitalist \u00fclkelerden gelen ekonomik ve ticari bask\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olamayacaklard\u0131r. Di\u011ferleri aras\u0131nda en geli\u015fkin konumda olan \u00c7in dahi hala bu bask\u0131lar\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in kapitalist \u00fclkelere b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye ihrac\u0131 dahi iki nedene dayanmaktad\u0131r, birincisi kendi kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek, ikincisi kendi \u00fcretti\u011fi mallar i\u00e7in Pazar elde etmektir, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kapitalist \u00fclkeler ellerinde tuttuklar\u0131 pazarlar\u0131 sosyalist \u00fclkelere kapt\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da fiili \u00a0ve hukuki engeller \u00e7\u0131karmakta D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn koydu\u011fu kurallar\u0131 ayaklar alt\u0131na\u00a0almaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7men \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler sorunu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Sosyalist \u00fclkeler kapitalist d\u00fcnyadan gelen ekonomik rekabetin bask\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak ve k\u0131rsal kesimlerdeki insanlar\u0131n h\u0131zla zenginle\u015fme arzular\u0131na yan\u0131t olarak yurti\u00e7i i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00f6nce birka\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na kentlere gitmekte h\u0131zla para yapmak i\u00e7in uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, hatta iki i\u015fte birden \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak birikim yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. G\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sermaye i\u00e7in ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ve kendi haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmas\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyen ve \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz olan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/strong> Sermaye sahiplerinin onlar\u0131n bu durumunu s\u00f6m\u00fcrmek istemeleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fveren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Sosyalist h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin bu i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fveren \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma ve i\u015f\u00e7ileri koruyan yasal d\u00fczenlemeler getirmesi gecikmektedir, hatta yasal d\u00fczenlemeler bile istenen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 getirmemektedir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilgili taraflar (i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren) bir\u00e7ok durumda k\u0131sa vadeli \u00e7\u0131karlarla kendi aralar\u0131nda anla\u015fmakta, \u00fccret ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kendi istedikleri gibi d\u00fczenlemek istemektedirler. H\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu getirmesine ra\u011fmen bu yasaya uyulmamaktad\u0131r; bu durumun nedeni i\u015f\u00e7ilerin e\u011fitimsizli\u011fi, deneyimsizli\u011fi ve \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sendikalar bu durumu a\u015fmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u00d6rne\u011fin Vietnam \u0130\u015f Kanunu’na g\u00f6re, hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar hem de i\u015fverenler kanuna uygun olarak i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini tek tarafl\u0131 olarak feshedebilirler. Ancak, kanunda i\u015fverenlerin tek tarafl\u0131 fesih i\u00e7in kat\u0131 ko\u015fullar getirilmi\u015fti. Bir i\u015fveren i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak feshederse, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 i\u015fe geri almal\u0131 ve yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 fesih nedeniyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n kaybetti\u011fi \u00fccret, \u00f6denek ve en az iki ayl\u0131k \u00fccret ve \u00f6denek tutar\u0131nda tazminat \u00f6demelidir. \u015eimdi bu kanun kat\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclerek yumu\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: yeni \u0130\u015f Kanunu, bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fe al\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi vermesi veya ge\u00e7erli bir neden olmaks\u0131z\u0131n be\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcst \u00fcste i\u015fe gelmemesi durumunda<\/strong>, i\u015fverenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n kusuru nedeniyle i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini tek tarafl\u0131 olarak feshetme hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca sosyalist \u00fclkeler girdikleri uluslararas\u0131 ticaret anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 sonucunda \u00fccret ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek zorunda kalmaktad\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0Trans-Pasifik Ticaret Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Kapsaml\u0131 Anla\u015fma (CPTPP), AB-Vietnam Serbest Ticaret Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle Vietnam, i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 bu uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131n gerekliliklerine daha uygun hale getirmek i\u00e7in yasal d\u00fczenlemelerini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     T\u00fcm bu bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131n sosyalist h\u00fck\u00fcmetler son 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fccretlerinde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinde ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ciddi iyile\u015ftirmeler yapm\u0131\u015flar ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin deste\u011fini kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerini iki kez azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: 1994 y\u0131l\u0131nda haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 48 saat iken 44 saate indirilmi\u015ftir, 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi g\u00fcnde 8 ve 40 saatlik hafta olarak indirilmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu yasalar mevcut durumun tamamen de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00c7in ve Vietnam’da ortalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri yasal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f durumda, \u00c7in’de 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati 48’e, Vietnam’da ise 51’e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sosyalist \u00dclkelerde Sermaye ve \u00dccretli Emek Nas\u0131l Dengeleniyor? \u00c7in-Vietnam-K\u00fcba\u2019da Sermaye ve \u00dccretli Emek Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fkiler Cem K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7e\u00e7, Ekim 2025 Pratikte bug\u00fcn sosyalizmde \u0131srar eden \u00c7in-Vietnam-K\u00fcba ve di\u011fer sosyalist \u00fclkeler istikrarl\u0131 bir ekonomik ve toplumsal geli\u015fme ve kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek ve uyumlu emek-sermaye ili\u015fkileri kurmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. \u00d6ncelikle bu \u00fclkelerdeki h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin kom\u00fcnist partilerin hegemonyas\u0131 alt\u0131nda olan i\u015f\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,5,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dunya-sosyalizmi-tr","category-dunya-sosyalizmi","category-sosyalist-ulkeler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5833"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5833\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5835,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5833\/revisions\/5835"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}