{"id":6059,"date":"2025-12-29T23:22:19","date_gmt":"2025-12-29T23:22:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6059"},"modified":"2026-03-26T20:54:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T20:54:07","slug":"bugunku-sosyalist-toplumlar-hala-sinifli-toplumdan-sinifsiz-topluma-gecis-caginda-yasiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6059","title":{"rendered":"Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Sosyalist Toplumlar Hala S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 Toplumdan S\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z Topluma Ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda Ya\u015f\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Sosyalist Toplumlar Hala S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 Toplumdan S\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z Topluma Ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda Ya\u015f\u0131yor<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 Toplum Nedir?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Derleyen: Eyl\u00fcl Deniz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131 D\u00fcnya Sosyalizmi Ansiklopedisinden (Pekin 2017) derlenmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetine dayanan, s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesiyle karakterize edilen toplumsal yap\u0131lard\u0131r.  S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetine dayal\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7eren bir toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 ifade eder. S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumun \u00e7e\u015fitli geli\u015fim a\u015famalar\u0131 vard\u0131r: k\u00f6leci toplum, feodal toplum ve kapitalist toplum. \u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kamu m\u00fclkiyetine dayal\u0131 sosyalist toplum ise, s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumdan s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z bir topluma ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda olan bir toplumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kavram\u0131n nitelikleri ve \u00f6zellikleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumda, t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, s\u00f6zleri, eylemleri, sosyal sistemleri ve doktrinleri s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6zellikleriyle doludur. \u00c7e\u015fitli farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ve talepleriyle doludur. Egemen s\u0131n\u0131f, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ve bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli yasalar ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemleri ve toplumsal ekonomik sistemler olu\u015fturur. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, toplumdaki t\u00fcm siyasi, ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sistemler egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti haline gelir ve s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6zellikleriyle doludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet ise egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n siyasi d\u00fczeninin koruyucusudur. Toplumsal ve tarihsel geli\u015fmenin belirli bir a\u015famas\u0131nda, insan toplumu, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan ve uzla\u015fmaz ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlara sahip kar\u015f\u0131t s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 Toplumun kendisi ve hakim bu s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan kurtulamaz ve bu s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini \u00e7\u00f6zemez. Egemen s\u0131n\u0131f, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hafifletmeye ve bunlar\u0131 d\u00fczenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7aba, devletin y\u00f6netme ve \u00e7eli\u015fkileri hafifletme, bask\u0131 ve kontrol gibi \u00e7oklu i\u015flevleri yerine getirmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir kamusal g\u00fcce ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Bu anlamda devlet, s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve uzla\u015fmaz s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7eli\u015fmelerini hafifletmek ve egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n d\u00fczenini korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir ara\u00e7 olarak hareket eder.\u00a0 S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumda belirli bir s\u0131n\u0131f konumunda olan, yani belirli bir toplumsal \u00fcretim konumunda uzun s\u00fcre bulunmu\u015f ve belirli bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretim, ya\u015fam ve m\u00fccadele etmi\u015f olan insanlar, b\u00f6ylece kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131, \u00f6zel ilgi alanlar\u0131, \u00f6zel talepler, \u00f6zel psikolojiler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve tarzlar geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir; ayr\u0131ca di\u011fer gruplardaki insanlarla ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015feylerle olan \u00f6zel ili\u015fkileri de di\u011fer gruplardaki insanlardan farkl\u0131 veya z\u0131tt\u0131r. Bunlar, insanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel karakterini ve \u00f6zel s\u0131n\u0131f do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Y\u00f6netilenlerin direni\u015fi \u00e7o\u011fu zaman toplumsal yap\u0131ya tehdit olu\u015fturur, hatta toplumsal yap\u0131y\u0131 alt \u00fcst eder ve bu nedenle devrimcidir. S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumda, insanlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f do\u011fas\u0131 onlar\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 ve \u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalizmi in\u015fa eden \u00fclkelerde toplumdaki en geni\u015f kesimi i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve \u00e7ift\u00e7iler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7inde de farkl\u0131 gruplar bulunmakla birlikte bunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ortakt\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yeni orta tabakalar da dahil olmak \u00fczere sosyalizmi in\u015fa eden \u00fclkelerde uzla\u015fmaz s\u0131n\u0131f farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalist \u00dclkelerde Yeni Orta tabakalar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni Orta Tabakalar i\u00e7indeki ba\u015fl\u0131ca 9 alt grup kabaca \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Profesyonel Y\u00f6neticiler: Profesyonelle\u015fmi\u015f Orta S\u0131n\u0131f Bireyleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Profesyonel<\/strong> Y\u00f6neticiler genellikle becerilerini yabanc\u0131 sermayeli \u015firketlerde geli\u015ftirirler; giri\u015fimcilerden farkl\u0131 olarak, profesyonel y\u00f6neticiler i\u015flerine ba\u015ftan sona ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar; profesyonel y\u00f6neticiler g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc i\u015f zekas\u0131na ve y\u00f6netim becerilerine sahiptirler; ve profesyonel y\u00f6neticiler daha y\u00fcksek gelir elde ederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Bilgi Teknolojisi Profesyonelleri: Orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n en aktif \u00fcyeleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, Bilgi Teknolojisi profesyonelleri, Bilgi Teknolojisi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fanan \u201cnokta com\u201d balonunun ini\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yeni Geli\u015fmekte olan bir sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filer olarak, Bilgi Teknolojisi profesyonellerinin iyi ve geni\u015f kariyer olanaklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ayd\u0131nlar: Piyasala\u015fmadan Faydalananlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanlar ve piyasa yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r: bug\u00fcn bilgi sermaye haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bilgi g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr; bilgi zenginlik yarat\u0131r. Bilgi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, bilgi giderek insanlar\u0131n zenginlik elde etme arac\u0131 haline gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u00d6zel \u0130\u015fletme Sahipleri: Orta S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n En Aktif Grubu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zel giri\u015fimciler zorluklardan korkmaz ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir iradeye sahiptir; g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir rekabet ve piyasa bilincine sahiptirler; \u00f6nc\u00fc bir ruha ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kariyer bilincine sahiptirler ve b\u00fcy\u00fck projeler \u00fcstlenmeye ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fme yaratmaya cesaret ederler, \u00e7abalama s\u00fcrecinde yeteneklerini g\u00f6sterir ve ya\u015fam de\u011ferlerini s\u0131narlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Beyaz Yakal\u0131lar: \u015eehirlerdeki En Yayg\u0131n Orta S\u0131n\u0131f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Beyaz yakal\u0131lar”\u0131n bir sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan sonra, modaya uygun t\u00fcketim gibi belirgin d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm \u00f6zelliklerine sahiptirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. CEO’lar: Orta S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n En Y\u00fcksek Kazan\u00e7 Elde Eden Grubu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcksek y\u0131ll\u0131k maa\u015flar\u0131na ek olarak, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pop\u00fcler olan y\u00f6netim devralmalar\u0131 da i\u015f liderleri i\u00e7in muazzam bir servet yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

‘Y\u00f6netim sat\u0131n alma’ veya ‘management buyout’ (MBO), bir \u015firketin mevcut y\u00f6netim ekibinin \u015firketteki toplam veya \u00e7o\u011funluk hissesini sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylece mevcut i\u015fletme sahipli\u011finin sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve \u015firketin garantisini ele ge\u00e7irmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. E\u011flence ve Film End\u00fcstrisi: En Kolay Yoldan Para Kazanan Moda \u00d6nc\u00fcleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta s\u0131n\u0131f aras\u0131nda film ve televizyon y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bir gruptur. Oyunculuk yetenekleri ve muazzam servetlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, genellikle moda ve yeni trendlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcleridir ve bu kesim toplumdaki pop\u00fcler trendlere y\u00f6n verirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Medya End\u00fcstrisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131: g\u00f6rece geli\u015fkin Yerel Haber ve yay\u0131nlar \u00fcreterek ve sunarak Ge\u00e7inen Orta S\u0131n\u0131fa mensupturlar  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Spor Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131: Ter ve \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131yla \u00d6ne \u00c7\u0131kan Orta Bireyleridir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Meaning of class society: Chinese Politikal Dictionary<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2)The Class Nature of People . People’s Daily Online [August 5, 2020 ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) A Study Guide to Engels’ The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State . China Civilization Network . 2020-08-05<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Book, Dai Weidong . The New Century Chinese-English Dictionary . Shanghai : Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press . 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Sosyalist Toplumlar Hala S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 Toplumdan S\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z Topluma Ge\u00e7i\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda Ya\u015f\u0131yor S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 Toplum Nedir? Derleyen: Eyl\u00fcl Deniz Bu yaz\u0131 D\u00fcnya Sosyalizmi Ansiklopedisinden (Pekin 2017) derlenmi\u015ftir.  S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetine dayanan, s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesiyle karakterize edilen toplumsal yap\u0131lard\u0131r.  S\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetine dayal\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7eren bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,51,45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dunya-sosyalizmi","category-dunya-sosyalizmi-tr","category-genel-tr"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6059"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6059\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6331,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6059\/revisions\/6331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}