{"id":6179,"date":"2026-02-18T16:41:15","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T16:41:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6179"},"modified":"2026-02-18T16:42:01","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T16:42:01","slug":"gecmisi-geride-birakalim-ve-yeni-bir-tarihsel-donem-acalim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6179","title":{"rendered":"Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi Geride B\u0131rakal\u0131m ve Yeni Bir Tarihsel D\u00f6nem A\u00e7al\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi Geride B\u0131rakal\u0131m ve Yeni Bir Tarihsel D\u00f6nem A\u00e7al\u0131m<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

16 May\u0131s 1989<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gorba\u00e7ev ile Deng tarihi zirve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in halk\u0131 en i\u00e7ten duygularla \u00c7in-Sovyet ili\u015fkilerinin geli\u015fece\u011fi umudundad\u0131r. Benim \u00f6nerim, bu f\u0131rsat\u0131 iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerinin art\u0131k normale d\u00f6nece\u011fini ilan i\u00e7in kullanmam\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun y\u0131llar boyu, Marksizmi ve sosyalizmi nas\u0131l kavramak gerekti\u011fi meselesi g\u00fcndemdedir. 1957 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ilk Moskova konu\u015fmalar\u0131ndan itibaren (Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, \u00c7in ve Macaristan\u2019dan delegeler aras\u0131nda) 1960\u2019lar\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131na de\u011fin, partilerimiz aras\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131. Ben de bu sert tart\u0131\u015fmalardaki ki\u015filerden biriyim ve s\u00f6z konusu sert tart\u0131\u015fmalarda az\u0131msanmayacak bir pay sahibiyim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eu anda, 20 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan bir prati\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, her iki taraf\u0131n da y\u0131\u011f\u0131nla bo\u015f laf sarf etti\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz. Marx\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden beri ge\u00e7en bir y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimlerin neler oldu\u011fu, ya da bu de\u011fi\u015fimler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Marksizm\u2019in nas\u0131l kavran\u0131p, geli\u015ftirilebilece\u011fi noktalar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kimse net de\u011fildir. Marx\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc takip eden bir ya da birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca g\u00fcndeme gelecek meselelere ili\u015fkin haz\u0131r cevaplar sunmas\u0131n\u0131, veya Lenin\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc takip eden elli ila y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca zihinlerimizde soru i\u015fareti yaratacak meselelere cevap bulmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyemeyiz. Ger\u00e7ek bir Marksist-Leninist Marksizm-Leninizm\u2019i mevcut ko\u015fullar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kavramal\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeli ve geli\u015ftirmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya her g\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fruyor ve bilhassa modern bilim ve teknoloji s\u00fcratle geli\u015fiyor. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn bir y\u0131l\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin bir y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 ya da daha uzun bir s\u00fcreye e\u015fittir. Marksizmi yeni bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyen birisine ger\u00e7ek bir Marksist denemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin ger\u00e7ek ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Marksistti, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onu geri kalm\u0131\u015f Rusya\u2019da devrimci yola y\u00f6neltip, sosyalist Ekim Devrimi\u2019ni ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131ran kitaplar de\u011fil, ger\u00e7eklikler, mant\u0131k, felsefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve kom\u00fcnist ideallerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksist-Leninist Mao Zedung\u2019un geri kalm\u0131\u015f \u00c7in\u2019de yeni-demokratik devrimi ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan da Marx\u2019\u0131n Lenin\u2019in eserleri de\u011fildi. Marx, geri kalm\u0131\u015f Rusya\u2019da Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini tahmin edebilir miydi? Ya Lenin, \u00c7inli devrimcilerin k\u0131rdan \u015fehirleri ku\u015fatarak ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015facaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilir miydi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O s\u0131ralarda mesele devrimin nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 sorunuydu. Fakat i\u015f bir \u00fclkenin nas\u0131l in\u015fa edilece\u011fine geldi\u011finde de ayn\u0131 durum s\u00f6z konusudur. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir devrimin ard\u0131ndan, her \u00fclke sosyalizmi kendi ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re in\u015fa etmelidir. Sabit modeller yoktur, olamaz da. Geleneklere saplan\u0131p kalmak gerilemeye, hatta y\u0131k\u0131ma dahi g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bulu\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n maksad\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fi geride b\u0131rak\u0131p, yeni bir tarihi d\u00f6nem a\u00e7makt\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi geride b\u0131rakmaktan kast\u0131m, ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00fczerine konu\u015fmaya bir son verip, gelece\u011fe odaklanmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat, korkar\u0131m ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcp, sus pus oturman\u0131n da bir faydas\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimizi netle\u015ftirmek zorunday\u0131z. Size \u00c7in halk\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin ge\u00e7mi\u015fe dair ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatmak istiyorum. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermek veya bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere dair tart\u0131\u015fmaya giri\u015fmek zorunda de\u011filsiniz. Herkes kendi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan konu\u015fsun. Bu sayede daha sa\u011flam bir temel \u00fczerinden ilerleyebilirsiniz. \u00d6zet olarak iki \u015feyi dile getirece\u011fim. Birincisi, \u00c7in ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kavu\u015fmadan evvel, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bask\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi de, \u00c7inliler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son on y\u0131llarda -\u00f6zellikle de son 30 y\u0131l boyunca- (1969-1989)  tehditlerin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu ve nerede oldu\u011fu konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci hususta konu\u015facak olursak; 1840 Afyon Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan itibaren, Qing Hanedan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yozla\u015fmas\u0131 sebebiyle, \u00c7in yabanc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u015fiddetine ve boyunduruk alt\u0131na alma \u00e7abalar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015f yar\u0131-s\u00f6m\u00fcrge ve yar\u0131-feodal bir konuma itilmi\u015ftir. Bir d\u00fczine kadar yabanc\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 el ele vererek, bilhassa da Britanya, \u00c7in\u2019in bask\u0131 alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve Britanya\u2019dan \u00f6nce Portekiz, \u00c7in\u2019in Makao\u2019yu kendilerine devretmeye mecbur etmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in\u2019den en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olan \u00fclkeler, Japonya ve \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 -zaman zaman ve belli meseleler \u00fczerine de Sovyetler Birli\u011fi- idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli zamanlarda Japonya \u00fclkemizin pek \u00e7ok toprak par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir; Tayvan\u2019\u0131 50 y\u0131l boyunca i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda tutmu\u015ftur. N\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019den koparm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle kuzeyde, pek \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir Japonlar\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda Japonya \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 bir i\u015fgal harekat\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f ve 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuzeydo\u011fuda Manchukuo rejimini kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Japonya \u00c7in\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sekiz y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek olan tam te\u015fekk\u00fcll\u00fc bir sava\u015f ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019in direni\u015fi, antifa\u015fist m\u00fcttefik kuvvetlerin ortak m\u00fccadelesi ve Sovyet birliklerinin kuzeydo\u011fuya y\u00fcr\u00fcmeleri sayesinde, ve bir sava\u015f\u0131n sonunda Japonya kesin olarak ma\u011flup edildi. Japonya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019e zarar\u0131 tarifsizdir. Sava\u015fta sadece can kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 on milyonlarla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmektedir. Tarihsel problemler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulacaksa, \u00c7in\u2019e en fazla bor\u00e7lu olan Japonya\u2019d\u0131r. Japonya ma\u011flup edildikten beri, \u00c7in i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki topraklar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. Tek ciddi sorun, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, insans\u0131z bir ada olan, Senkaku Shoto (Diaoyu Adas\u0131)\u2019d\u0131r. Japonya\u2019y\u0131 ziyaretimde, gazeteciler bana bu mesele hakk\u0131nda sorular y\u00f6nelttiler. Benim cevab\u0131msa problemin \u015fu an i\u00e7in rafa kald\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi ve bizim neslimizin bu problemi \u00e7\u00f6zememesi halinde, bir sonraki neslin daha ak\u0131ll\u0131 davran\u0131p, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn bir yolunu bulabilece\u011fi bi\u00e7iminde oldu. Benzer ihtilaflar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulabilmesine y\u00f6nelik olarak, daha sonra benzer b\u00f6lgelerin ortak kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00f6nerisinde bulunduk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019den en fazla \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f bir di\u011fer \u00fclke de \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan gelen Sovyetler Birli\u011fi idi. E\u015fitsiz anla\u015fmalar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla, Rusya, \u00c7in topraklar\u0131ndan 1.5 milyon kilometrekareden fazla par\u00e7ay\u0131 kendine katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in, Ekim Devrimi\u2019nden sonra da par\u00e7alanmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Heixiazi Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda zaferi ufukta g\u00f6ren Birle\u015fik Devletler, Britanya ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Yalta\u2019da masaya oturarak, \u00c7in\u2019in \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ayk\u0131r\u0131 ko\u015fullar i\u00e7eren gizli bir anla\u015fman\u0131n alt\u0131na imza atarak, n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi aralar\u0131nda payla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu, Stalin d\u00f6nemidir. O s\u0131ralar, \u00c7in\u2019in milliyet\u00e7i (gerici) Kuomintang h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile Yalta anla\u015fmas\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenlemeleri tan\u0131yan bir pakt imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 takiben, \u00c7in Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile yeni bir anla\u015fma imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mo\u011folistan Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019yle diplomatik ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve iki \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra, \u00c7in, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019yle s\u0131n\u0131r m\u00fczakerelerine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nden \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131 ile \u00c7in\u2019in Qing Hanedan\u0131 aras\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015f olan anla\u015fmalar\u0131n e\u015fitsiz oldu\u011fu ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7in topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgaline olanak verdi\u011fi tarihsel ger\u00e7e\u011fini tan\u0131mas\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir. Ne olursa olsun, anla\u015fmalar\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca 1.5 milyon kilometrekareyi a\u015fk\u0131n \u00c7in topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fgale u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fin ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekliklerinin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu anla\u015fmalardan do\u011fan s\u0131n\u0131r ihtilaflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zme arzumuz s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu birinci meseleydi. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimizi dile getirmemiz, tarihten miras problemlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7maktan kast\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n netle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci meseleye d\u00f6necek olursak; son birka\u00e7 on y\u0131lda tehditlerin kayna\u011f\u0131 neresidir? \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00c7in devrimi zafere ula\u015ft\u0131 ve Halk Cumhuriyeti kuruldu. \u00c7in ne ba\u015fka \u00fclkeleri istila etti, ne de bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 tehditte bulundu, aksine di\u011fer \u00fclkeler \u00c7in\u2019i tehdide giri\u015fti. \u00dclkemiz yoksuldu, zay\u0131ft\u0131, fakat ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131. En ciddi tehditler nereden gelmi\u015ftir? Kuruldu\u011fu tarihten itibaren, \u00c7HC bu meseleyle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelmi\u015ftir. O s\u0131ralar tehdidin kayna\u011f\u0131 Birle\u015fik Devletlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri de Kore Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019yd\u0131. Kore Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda, \u00c7in, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletlerle sava\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, Kore\u2019ye devrimci g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler yollad\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi bize silah deste\u011fi temin ettiyse de, yar\u0131 fiyat\u0131na da olsa, para talebinde bulundu. \u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda, \u00c7in-Sovyet ili\u015fkileri bozuldu ve \u00c7in iktisadi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Ne kadar ciddi olursa olsunlar, bu borcu \u00f6demede kararl\u0131yd\u0131k ve s\u00fcresinden iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce borcumuzu \u00f6dedik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi hem \u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda, hem de Mo\u011folistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda askeri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. F\u00fczelerin say\u0131s\u0131 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin sahip oldu\u011fu toplam f\u00fczelerin \u00fc\u00e7te biri kadarken, Sovyet birliklerin say\u0131s\u0131 Mo\u011folistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na g\u00f6nderilenler dahil bir milyona \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu tehdidin kayna\u011f\u0131 neydi? Do\u011fal olarak, \u00c7in bu durumdan sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Moskova\u2019ya giden bir delegasyonun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7tim. \u0130ki taraf aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fczakereler kesildi. Diyebilirim ki, 1960\u2019lar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan itibaren, ili\u015fkilerimiz kopma noktas\u0131na dek geriledi. Sebep olarak ideolojik ihtilaflar g\u00f6sterme niyetinde de\u011filim, art\u0131k o d\u00f6nemde s\u00f6ylediklerimizin hepsinin do\u011fru oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131nda de\u011filiz. Temel problem \u00c7in\u2019e e\u015fit muamelede bulunulmamas\u0131 ve kendimizi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f hissetmemizdi. Lakin, \u015funu da unutamay\u0131z ki, ilk Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Plan s\u00fcrecimizde, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, end\u00fcstriyel bir temel tesis etmemizde \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu meseleleri uzun uzad\u0131ya irdelememin sebebi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi geride b\u0131rakmakt\u0131r. Sovyet yolda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zdan ge\u00e7mi\u015fe ait g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimizi anlamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve o d\u00f6nemde neler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc bilmelerini istiyoruz. Tarihi tekrar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, tarihi zihinlerimizden silsek iyi olur. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmemizde ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z noktalardan biri budur. Ben burada ne s\u00f6ylemem gerekiyorsa s\u00f6ylemi\u015f bulunmaktay\u0131m ve s\u00f6zlerim burada sona eriyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkelerimiz aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim art\u0131yor. \u0130ki yanl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler normale d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fimizin derinli\u011fi ve \u00e7ap\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyecektir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir \u00f6nerim var, bo\u015f laftan ziyade, prati\u011fe y\u00f6nelik i\u015flerle odaklanmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6mr\u00fcmde sona erdirmemi\u015f oldu\u011fum tek bir mesele kald\u0131; o da Tayvan meselesinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131. Korkar\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcm buna yetmeyecek. D\u0131\u015f i\u015flerde, \u015funlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundum: Japonya, Birle\u015fik Devletler ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019yle ili\u015fkilerin tekrardan ray\u0131na oturtulmas\u0131, Hong Kong\u2019un geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve Britanya ile bu hususta bir anla\u015fman\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131. \u0130\u00e7i\u015flerde ise, Parti\u2019nin temel \u00e7izgisinin savunulmas\u0131nda, modernle\u015fme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve reform ve \u00c7in\u2019i d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7ma politikalar\u0131n\u0131n benimsenmesinde ve D\u00f6rt Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Temel \u0130lke\u2019nin savunulmas\u0131nda katk\u0131lar\u0131m oldu. Burada sonu\u00e7land\u0131ramad\u0131\u011f\u0131m mesele ise \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu g\u00f6revde kalma sisteminin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r, ki bu Partimizdeki liderlik sistemini ilgilendiren \u00f6nemli bir problemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rt Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Temel \u0130lke \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: Sosyalist yola ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi; Halk\u0131n demokratik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosyalizmin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131nda \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisinin  \u00f6nderli\u011fi ilkesi; Mao Zedong D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ve Marksizm-Leninizm\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k  ilkesi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi Geride B\u0131rakal\u0131m ve Yeni Bir Tarihsel D\u00f6nem A\u00e7al\u0131m 16 May\u0131s 1989 Gorba\u00e7ev ile Deng tarihi zirve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi \u00c7in halk\u0131 en i\u00e7ten duygularla \u00c7in-Sovyet ili\u015fkilerinin geli\u015fece\u011fi umudundad\u0131r. Benim \u00f6nerim, bu f\u0131rsat\u0131 iki \u00fclke ili\u015fkilerinin art\u0131k normale d\u00f6nece\u011fini ilan i\u00e7in kullanmam\u0131zd\u0131r. Uzun y\u0131llar boyu, Marksizmi ve sosyalizmi nas\u0131l kavramak gerekti\u011fi meselesi g\u00fcndemdedir. 1957 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ilk Moskova […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,49,45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arsiv","category-arsiv-tr","category-genel-tr"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6179"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6182,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6179\/revisions\/6182"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}