{"id":6190,"date":"2026-02-20T14:40:27","date_gmt":"2026-02-20T14:40:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6190"},"modified":"2026-02-22T16:19:47","modified_gmt":"2026-02-22T16:19:47","slug":"marxin-uc-buyuk-toplumsal-formasyon-yapi-teorisi-ve-kapitalizmdeki-maddi-bagimlilik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6190","title":{"rendered":"Marx’\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7 B\u00fcy\u00fck Toplumsal Formasyon (Yap\u0131) Teorisi ve Kapitalizmdeki Maddi Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Marx’\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7 B\u00fcy\u00fck Toplumsal Formasyon (Yap\u0131) Teorisi ve Kapitalizmdeki Maddi Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n
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Ocak 2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Derleyen: Eyl\u00fcl Deniz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not:<\/strong> Bu iki ciltlik el yazmalar\u0131 ve notlar ilk defa 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova’daki Marx-Engels-Lenin Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Almanca olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131. \u0130ki cilt halinde \u00e7\u0131kan eserin ikinci cildi 1941’de yay\u0131mland\u0131. Bu bask\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da bas\u0131ld\u0131 ve geni\u015f \u00e7apta da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131. Lenin\u2019in bu eseri okuyamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir talihsizlik olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7in kom\u00fcnistleri reform s\u00fcrecinde bu metinden b\u00fcy\u00fck yarar sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marx’\u0131n insan\u0131n “maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131” var dedi\u011fi ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal formasyondaki “maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n” ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131 nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, Marx’\u0131n “Grundrisse” (Taslak) (1857-58) adl\u0131 eserinin, \u00f6zellikle “Kapitalist \u00dcretimden \u00d6nceki Toplumsal Formasyonlar” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli bir kavramd\u0131r. Burada Marx, insan ili\u015fkilerinin \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck tarihsel toplumsal olu\u015fumunu (veya a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131) \u00f6zetler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Birinci toplumsal formasyon: insan\u0131n Ki\u015fisel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, kabile, antik, feodal asya tipi toplumlar).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0130kinci toplumsal formasyon : insan\u0131n Nesnel\/maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 ki\u015fisel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (burjuva toplumu, yani kapitalizm).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc toplumsal formasyon: Bireylerin \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc geli\u015fimine ve insanlar\u0131n kendi toplumsal \u00fcretim g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ortak hakimiyetine dayal\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr bireysellik (kom\u00fcnizm).  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, bu ikinci a\u015famada “maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n” “ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131” yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temel Anlam\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal formasyonda (kapitalizm), bireyler yasal\/politik anlamda ki\u015fisel olarak \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve e\u015fittir (k\u00f6le veya serflerin aksine). M\u00fclk sahibi olabilirler, emeklerini satabilirler ve emeklerini satmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yer de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirler, i\u015fverenlerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce se\u00e7ebilirler. Ancak bu ki\u015fisel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k veya ki\u015fisel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bir yan\u0131lsamad\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tamamen kendilerinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak asl\u0131nda bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck onlar\u0131 boyunduruk alt\u0131nda tutan, ki\u015fisel olmayan, nesnel maddi (ekonomik) ili\u015fkiler sistemine derin bir ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla desteklenmektedir. Bu “maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n” birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 4 katman\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Pazara ve Meta Borsas\u0131na\/pazar\u0131na Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bireyler art\u0131k do\u011frudan kullan\u0131m veya t\u00fcketim i\u00e7in \u00fcretim yapmazlar. Hayatta ayakta kalmak i\u00e7in pazar i\u00e7in \u00fcretim yapmak zorundad\u0131rlar. Hayatta ayakta kalmak, bir \u015fey satmaya (en \u00f6nemlisi, bir meta olarak emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc) ve paray\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n gereksinimlerini sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in kullanmaya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ki\u015finin t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131, bu maddi g\u00fcc\u00fcn, nesnel toplumsal  g\u00fcc\u00fcn nihai temsili olan para taraf\u0131ndan arac\u0131l\u0131k edilir. Ki\u015finin toplumsal de\u011feri ve ya\u015fama kapasitesi para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. “Nesneler” Olarak Yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Toplumsal \u0130li\u015fkiler Sistemine Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, Marx’\u0131n “meta feti\u015fizmi” ve yabanc\u0131la\u015fma teorisinin \u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130nsanlar aras\u0131ndaki toplumsal ili\u015fkiler—kim ne \u00fcretiyor, emek nas\u0131l bir i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne tabi, ihtiya\u00e7lar nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor olgusu—nesneler (metalar aras\u0131, para, sermaye) aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131r. Sermayenin \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci, bireylerin boyun e\u011fmesi gereken \u00f6zerk, nesnel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelir (Marx’\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi “do\u011fan\u0131n bir g\u00fcc\u00fc” haline gelir). Kapitalistin kendisi de rekabet yoluyla bu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa tabidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Sermaye ve Rekabetin “Keyiflerine” Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, kapitalistlerin yat\u0131r\u0131m kararlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen ve pazar\u0131n anar\u015fik d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri (pazardaki y\u00fckseli\u015fler, patlamalar, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fler) taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen i\u015f bulmaya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131rlar. Kapitalistler, rakipleri taraf\u0131ndan yok edilmemek i\u00e7in yeniden yat\u0131r\u0131m yapma ve sermaye birikimi yapma konusunda rekabetin bask\u0131lar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131rlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, her iki ana toplumsal\u2014i\u015f\u00e7iler ve burjuvalar- s\u0131n\u0131f  “ki\u015fisel olarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r” ancak sermaye birikiminin nesnel mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n boyunduru\u011fu alt\u0131ndad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Bireylerin Kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00d6tesinde Bir “B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn” Olu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u201cmaddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k\u201d, birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir toplumsal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck olu\u015fturur; yani kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin tamam\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck\u2026 Hi\u00e7bir birey (i\u015f\u00e7i veya kapitalist) bundan ka\u00e7\u0131namaz veya bu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kontrol edemez. Toplumu y\u00f6neten d\u0131\u015fsal, zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir dizi yasa “ikinci bir do\u011fa” olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. (kapitalizmdeki de\u011fer yasas\u0131 gibi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n” anlam\u0131n\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa Kavu\u015fturmak \u0130\u00e7in Di\u011fer Toplumsal Formasyonlarla Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci Toplumsal formasyondan Fark\u0131 (Ki\u015fisel Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k toplumu): Feodalizmde, serfin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudand\u0131r, ki\u015fiseldir ve politiktir\u2014efendiye do\u011frudan, ki\u015fisel ve politik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusudur. Sadece g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte toplumsald\u0131r. Kapitalizmde ise ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k dolayl\u0131d\u0131r, ki\u015fisel olmayan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r ve ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Kapitalizmdeki bu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa “nesnel” olan pazar taraf\u0131ndan arac\u0131l\u0131k edilir (dolay\u0131mlan\u0131r), bu da kapitalizmdeki maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumsal bir durum yerine do\u011fal bir durum gibi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc toplumsal Formasyondan (\u00d6zg\u00fcr Birlik, Kom\u00fcnizmden) Fark\u0131: Kom\u00fcnizmde, “maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k” ortadan kalkar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc aralar\u0131nda birle\u015fmi\u015f \u00fcreticiler, do\u011fa ile i\u00e7ine girilen toplumsal metabolizmay\u0131 rasyonel bir \u015fekilde planlar ve kontrol ederler. \u00dcretimin maddi g\u00fc\u00e7leri kolektif olarak birlikte kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marx’\u0131n “Maddi Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k” \u00dczerine A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nemi ve Anlam\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Marx’\u0131n <\/strong>“Maddi Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k” kavram\u0131 Burjuva \u0130deolojisini Ele\u015ftirir: “Maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k” kavram\u0131, kapitalizm alt\u0131ndaki  liberal “\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck” ve “bireyselli\u011fin geli\u015fimi” \u00f6vg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekte k\u0131smi bir “\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck” ve k\u0131smi bir “bireysel geli\u015fim” oldu\u011funu ortaya koyar. Kapitalizmde b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahibinden \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015febiliriz, ancak pazara ve sermayeye k\u00f6le oluruz. Kapitalizmdeki \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde i\u015fvereninizi se\u00e7me \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya t\u00fcketece\u011finiz bir mal\u0131 se\u00e7me \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Marx’\u0131n <\/strong>“Maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k” kavram\u0131,<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek Kurtulu\u015fun ve ger\u00e7ek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Temelini A\u00e7\u0131klar:<\/strong> Marx i\u00e7in, bu nesnel maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rmek, bu maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmenin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z veya g\u00f6rmedi\u011finiz bir g\u00fcc\u00fc yok edemezsiniz. Devrim, bu nesnel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sistemini par\u00e7alamak ve toplumun maddi g\u00fc\u00e7lerini bilin\u00e7li ve demokratik bir kontrol alt\u0131na almak anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Marx’\u0131n \u201cMaddi Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k\u201d kavram\u0131 Kapitalist Toplumda \u0130nsanlar\u0131n Kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131klar <\/strong>: Marx’\u0131n bu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, sahip olunan siyasi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe ra\u011fmen kapitalist toplumda hissedilen g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck duygusuna, kontrol\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan \u201cekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7ler\u201d, \u201cya\u015fam-ge\u00e7im maliyeti\u201d veya \u201cpazar talepleri\u201d taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilme hissini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zetlersek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marx’\u0131n ikinci kuram\u0131nda \u201cmaddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k\u201d, insan\u0131n toplumsal aktivitesiyle yarat\u0131lan ki\u015fisel olmayan, nesnel ve otomatik pazar g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve sermaye birikimi sisteminin, insanlar\u0131n sahip olduklar\u0131 bi\u00e7imsel\/yasal \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine ra\u011fmen her bireyin hayat\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten yabanc\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. \u201cMaddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k\u201d, kapitalist d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131, esaretli toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fidir: ki\u015fisel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, ancak ve ancak bu maddi tiranl\u0131\u011fa boyun e\u011fmeyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131r ve tamamen ona ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle bu kavram sadece ekonomik bir g\u00f6zlem de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda Marx’\u0131n burjuva\/kapitalist modernle\u015fmeye <\/strong>y\u00f6nelik felsefi ve toplumsal ele\u015ftirisinin de temel ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marx’\u0131n Orijinal Metni \u015e\u00f6yle:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130nsan\u0131n (ki\u015fisel) ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (en ba\u015fta tamamen do\u011fal ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6z konusudur), insan\u0131n \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ve kabiliyetlerinin \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir d\u00fczeyde geli\u015febilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgelerde geli\u015fti\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli farkl\u0131 toplumsal yap\u0131lar birinci toplumsal formasyondur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n, maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanan ki\u015fisel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fama ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal formasyondur (\u00c7.N burada kapitalizm kastediliyor) ve bu yap\u0131da ilk olarak evrensel anlamda toplumsal maddi de\u011fi\u015fim ili\u015fkileri s\u00f6z konusudur, insanlar aras\u0131nda evrensel ili\u015fkiler, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7ok boyutlu tatmini ve insanlar\u0131n evrensel kabiliyetlerinin geli\u015fkinli\u011fi s\u00f6z konusudur. Bireylerin her y\u00f6nden (evrensel) \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde geli\u015fimi ile ayn\u0131 zamanda ortak ve toplumsal \u00fcretkenliklerinin onlar\u0131n toplumsal zenginli\u011fini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yap\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal kontrol\u00fc temelindeki \u00f6zg\u00fcr bireysellik ise \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal formasyon a\u015famas\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNesnel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k (\u00c7.N nesneler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile olu\u015fan maddi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k) \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen bireysel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ikinci formasyondur.  Burada tarihte ilk kez, genel bir toplumsal maddi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f sistemi, insanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan evrensel ili\u015fkiler, \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ve b\u00fct\u00fcnsel gereksinimler ve evrensel yetenekler olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bir yandan ikinci formasyondaki bireylerin evrensel geli\u015fimi temeli \u00fczerinde (bu geli\u015fme devral\u0131narak) ve di\u011fer yandan bu bireylerin ortakla\u015fa, toplumsal \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin onlar\u0131n kendi toplumsal zenginlikleri haline geldi\u011fi ko\u015fullar temelinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan a\u015fama, \u00f6zg\u00fcr bireyselli\u011fin olu\u015ftu\u011fu a\u015fama (kom\u00fcnizm), \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famad\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015faman\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ikinci a\u015fama yarat\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Marx’\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7 B\u00fcy\u00fck Toplumsal Formasyon (Yap\u0131) Teorisi ve Kapitalizmdeki Maddi Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Ocak 2026 Derleyen: Eyl\u00fcl Deniz Not: Bu iki ciltlik el yazmalar\u0131 ve notlar ilk defa 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova’daki Marx-Engels-Lenin Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan Almanca olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131. \u0130ki cilt halinde \u00e7\u0131kan eserin ikinci cildi 1941’de yay\u0131mland\u0131. Bu bask\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da bas\u0131ld\u0131 ve geni\u015f \u00e7apta da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131. Lenin\u2019in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel-tr"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6190"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6198,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6190\/revisions\/6198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}