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<\/figure>\n\n\n\nKollektivizm, proletaryan\u0131n ve kom\u00fcnistlerin eylemlerini y\u00f6neten, halk\u0131n kolektif \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 temel hareket noktas\u0131 olarak alan t\u00fcm fikirleri i\u00e7eren de\u011fer ve ilkeleri i\u00e7erir. Kom\u00fcnist ahlak\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kolektivizm kom\u00fcnist ahlak\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc eski ahlaktan farkl\u0131 olan temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi ve birey ile toplum ve birey ile kolektif aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi ele al\u0131rken sosyalist toplum i\u00e7in dayanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctt\u00fcr. Marx ve Engels eserlerinde kolektivizm kavram\u0131n\u0131, ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, nedenlerini ve proletaryan\u0131n kolektivizme nas\u0131l yakla\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proleter kolektivizmin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Modern b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sanayi \u00fcretim, i\u015f\u00e7ileri kolektif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctler ve merkezile\u015ftirir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcretim tesisinin i\u00e7indeki at\u00f6lyeler aras\u0131nda organik bir birlik vard\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcnler t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla yarat\u0131l\u0131r ve nesnel olarak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin koordiineli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sosyal ili\u015fkilerde insanlar tek ba\u015flar\u0131na ya\u015famak yerine birbirleriyle ili\u015fkili ve birbirlerine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131rlar. Kendi \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek isteyen her birey ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na g\u00fcvenmek zorundad\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yard\u0131mla\u015fma ile kamu yarar\u0131 olu\u015fturulabilir, fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda bireylerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 da yans\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Engels ilk kez kolektivizm kavram\u0131n\u0131 ortaya att\u0131. Engels \u0130talyan sosyalistlerine, “\u0130ngiliz \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011fi ve Ta\u015fradaki Kolektivist Hareket” olarak yay\u0131nlanan mektubunda, \u0130ngiliz Yurtta\u015f Archie taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen ve topra\u011f\u0131n bireysel m\u00fclkiyeti konusuna de\u011finmeyen i\u015f\u00e7i-sendikal hareketini ele\u015ftirdi. Archie’nin “devrimci kolektivist ideolojinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendisini tutucu hissetti\u011fine” dikkat \u00e7ekti. Onun muhafazak\u00e2r tutumu sendikal hareketi \u00fcst soylular\u0131n ele\u015ftirisiyle s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Engels ekledi: “ancak t\u00fcm bunlar kolektivist hareketin geli\u015fimini engellemeyecektir.” Engels i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n bireysel m\u00fclkiyetine kar\u015f\u0131 kolektivist bir hareket ba\u015flatmaya te\u015fvik etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Marksizm, kolektivizmin proletaryan\u0131n kendi haklar\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir itici ve proleter devrimin zaferi i\u00e7in bir g\u00fcvence oldu\u011funu savunur. Marx buna i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir: “\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131 fakt\u00f6rlerinden biri \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131 kapsamas\u0131d\u0131r, yaln\u0131zca ve yaln\u0131zca kitleler \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olduklar\u0131nda ve bilgi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fi takdirde bu \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n birli\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131 ya da ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirleyebilir.” Lenin ayr\u0131ca proletaryan\u0131n hen\u00fcz yaln\u0131z bir bireyken hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcce sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Proletarya s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bireyi t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, ilerleme yetene\u011fini, t\u00fcm umutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zlemlerini \u00f6rg\u00fctten, yolda\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortak faaliyetlerden al\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir organizman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu takdirde, kendini b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hisseder. Proletaryan\u0131n t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kolektif g\u00fcc\u00fcne ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle kolektivizme ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir se\u00e7imdir. Marksist kolektivizm ayn\u0131 zamanda bireyi s\u00f6m\u00fcrmeyen ve ezmeyen, bireylerin \u00f6zg\u00fcr geli\u015fimine izin veren ve bireylerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na sayg\u0131 duyan bir kolektivizm t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. “Yaln\u0131zca topluluk i\u00e7inde bireyler yeteneklerini \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak geli\u015ftirecek ara\u00e7lar\u0131 elde edebilirler, yani yaln\u0131zca topluluk i\u00e7inde bireyler \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine sahip olabilirler.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bireysel \u00e7\u0131karlar ve kolektif \u00e7\u0131karlar organik olarak birbirlerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Proletarya devrimci m\u00fccadelesinde, kolektivizm ruhuna sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Toplumsal ger\u00e7eklikte kolektivizm, bireysel \u00e7\u0131karlar ile kolektif \u00e7\u0131karlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde ele almak i\u00e7in temel ilke haline gelmelidir. Kolektivist etik \u015funlar\u0131 gerektirir: birincisi, t\u00fcm s\u00f6z ve eylemler insanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r; ikincisi, kolektif \u00e7\u0131karlar, bireysel \u00e7\u0131karlar ile kolektif \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n birli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nc\u00fcl ko\u015ful konumunda olmal\u0131d\u0131r; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, kolektif \u00e7\u0131karlar ile bireysel \u00e7\u0131karlar \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bireysel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 bilin\u00e7li olarak kolektifin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na tabi k\u0131lmal\u0131y\u0131z, hatta gerekirse ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131karlar aleyhine olsa bile bu tutumu benimsemeliyiz; D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, yolda\u015flar\u0131 birle\u015ftirmali ve proletaryan\u0131n ve halk\u0131n ortak davas\u0131, yani kom\u00fcnist idealler ve giri\u015fimler i\u00e7in birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kolektivizm ve bireycilik aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki, de\u011ferler d\u00fczeyinde sosyalizm ve kapitalizm aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131m \u00e7izgisidir. \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi kendi i\u00e7inde kolektivizm de\u011ferini olu\u015fturmu\u015f ve sosyalizmin in\u015fas\u0131 davas\u0131nda her zaman bu de\u011fere ba\u011fl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f, devrim, in\u015fa ve reform d\u00f6nemlerinde bir de\u011fer rehber ve birle\u015ftirici bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Deng Xiaoping \u015funu belirtmi\u015ftir: “Sosyalizmin kapitalizmden \u00fcst\u00fcn olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir yan\u0131 da sosyalizmde t\u00fcm \u00fclke halk\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerini birlikte kilit projeler \u00fczerinde odaklayabilmesidir.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
“\u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi 18. Ulusal Kongresi (2012), ulusal ruhu ve zaman\u0131n ruhunu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ileriye ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 ve yurtseverlik, kolektivizm ve sosyalizm ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 derinlemesine halk e\u011fitimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kolektivizm, \u00c7in’in ulusal ruhunun\/\u00f6zelli\u011finin \u00f6nemli bir unsurudur ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bu kolektivizm vatanseverlik ve sosyalizm ile yak\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f olan (zaman\u0131n ruhu kastediliyor) ve bunlarla ayr\u0131lmaz bir temel de\u011fer olan zaman\u0131n ruhu de\u011ferini kapsar. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Kolektivizm [B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Marx’\u0131n 200. Do\u011fum G\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc anmak amac\u0131yla Wuhan\/\u00c7in’de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 5 Milyon s\u00f6zc\u00fckten ve 4 B\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: Marxism, Leninizm, Mao Zedung D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc \u00c7ine \u00d6zg\u00fc Sosyalizm \u0130n\u015fa Teorisi. S\u00f6zl\u00fck 2012’de ba\u015flayan Xi JinPing D\u00f6nemini de kaps\u0131yor.] Kollektivizm, proletaryan\u0131n ve kom\u00fcnistlerin eylemlerini y\u00f6neten, halk\u0131n kolektif \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 temel hareket noktas\u0131 olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arsiv","category-arsiv-tr"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6280"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6283,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6280\/revisions\/6283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}