{"id":6314,"date":"2026-03-21T20:13:48","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T20:13:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6314"},"modified":"2026-03-21T20:13:49","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T20:13:49","slug":"buyuk-marksizm-sozlugu-tarihi-ilerleten-sinif-mucadelesi-mi-insanin-uretici-guclerinin-gelismesi-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6314","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Tarihi \u0130lerleten S\u0131n\u0131f M\u00fccadelesi mi? \u0130nsan\u0131n \u00dcretici G\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Geli\u015fmesi Mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong><\/em>: Tarihi \u0130lerleten S\u0131n\u0131f M\u00fccadelesi mi? \u0130nsan\u0131n \u00dcretici G\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Geli\u015fmesi Mi?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong><\/em>, Marx\u2019\u0131n 200. Do\u011fum G\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc anmak amac\u0131yla Wuhan\/\u00c7in\u2019de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 5 Milyon s\u00f6zc\u00fckten ve 4 B\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: Marxism, Leninizm, Mao Zedung D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc \u00c7ine \u00d6zg\u00fc Sosyalizm \u0130n\u015fa Teorisi. S\u00f6zl\u00fck 2012\u2019de ba\u015flayan Xi Jinping D\u00f6nemini de kaps\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mart 2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haz\u0131rlayan: Ayaz Zirve<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00dcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fmesinin tarihin itici g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011fu\u201d ve \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin tarihin itici g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011fu\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili midir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Marksist akademisinde uzun s\u00fcreli ve derinlemesine tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7an teorik bir konudur. \u201c\u00dcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fmesi tarihin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d ve \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi tarihin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d ifadelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fkili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusuna verilen yan\u0131tlar zaman i\u00e7inde olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1980\u2019lerden bu yana Marksist ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fma tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ana ak\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, bunlar\u0131n \u00e7eli\u015fkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine farkl\u0131 mant\u0131ksal seviyelerde var olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u00e7sel bir birli\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmaktad\u0131r. Bunu anlamak i\u00e7in, on y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren bu akademik tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yeniden ele almam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019de Marksist ak\u0131m\u0131n babas\u0131 olan Li Dazhao bu sorunu ilk tart\u0131\u015fanlardan biri olmu\u015ftur: Li Dazhao, 1919 tarihli \u201cMarksizm Hakk\u0131ndaki G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201d adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda bu sorunu fark etmi\u015f ve tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201cMarx\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde bir gerilim var g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor,  Marx bir yandan tarihin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fimi oldu\u011funu iddia ederken, di\u011fer yandan t\u00fcm tarihin her zaman s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerinin tarihi oldu\u011funu, yani s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin tarihin nihai yasas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve tarihi yaratan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Li Dazhao, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerini Marksizmin \u00fc\u00e7 temel ilkesini birbirine ba\u011flayan \u201calt\u0131n \u015ferite\u201d benzetmi\u015f ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin belirleyici oldu\u011fu teorisi ile s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi teorisi aras\u0131nda teorik bir entegrasyonun gereklili\u011fine vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u201csorgulama\u201d asl\u0131nda tarihsel materyalizmin derinlere k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015f teorik bir sorundur: Toplumsal tarihin nesnel geli\u015fim yasalar\u0131, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6znel inisiyatifi ile nas\u0131l birle\u015ftirilebilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marksistler Aras\u0131 Tart\u0131\u015fma S\u00fcreci: \u201cTek \u0130tici G\u00fc\u00e7ten\u201d \u201c\u00c7ok D\u00fczeyli \u0130tici G\u00fc\u00e7 G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi kom\u00fcnistleri ve parti \u00e7evrelerinde Lenin\u2019den sonraki d\u00f6nemde bu sorun farkl\u0131 liderler aras\u0131ndaki politik g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadeleleri i\u00e7inde ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, politik kavgalar\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131na g\u00f6re yorumlar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Sovyet Marksist ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 siyasi liderlerin \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7evenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lenin ise g\u00f6rece esnek bir tutum alarak devrimden sonra bir \u201cge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi\u201d ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu d\u00f6nemde s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n tasfiyeye kar\u015f\u0131 direnece\u011fini, bundan dolay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin s\u00fcrece\u011fini ve baz\u0131 hallerde \u015fiddetlenebilece\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur.  Daha sonra Stalin tar\u0131mda zorla kolektifle\u015ftirmeyi me\u015fru g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin<\/strong> sosyalizmin in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n itici g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015f; Sovyetler Birli\u011fi kom\u00fcnizme do\u011fru ilerledik\u00e7e s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak daha da<\/strong> \u015fiddetlenece\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur. Kru\u015f\u00e7ev 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda Stalin\u2019in Leninizmi tahrif etti\u011fini ve onun s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin \u201cka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak daha da<\/strong> \u015fiddetlenece\u011fi\u201d<\/strong> g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131na alet etti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur. (De-Stalinizasyon)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019de de bu tart\u0131\u015fma ancak 1978 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu d\u00f6neme kadar Marksist teorisyenler ve parti liderleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi tarihi ilerleten yegane itici g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc istisnas\u0131z bask\u0131nd\u0131. \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan sonraki bu d\u00f6nemde, felsefe ve tarih ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 da s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin uygarl\u0131k tarihinin geli\u015fiminin \u201ctek temel itici g\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d oldu\u011funu savunuyordur. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f asl\u0131nda devrimci sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel ortam\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ilgiliydi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Mao Zedung\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ile da do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Mao Zedung bir keresinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201ctarihsel materyalizmin ba\u015f sorunu esas olarak s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi sorunudur\u201d demi\u015f ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin \u201ctarihin ger\u00e7ek itici g\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 2. Reform ve A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m D\u00f6neminin \u0130lk A\u015famalar\u0131nda Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kan De\u011fi\u015fim : \u201cBiricik itici g\u00fc\u00e7ten\u201d \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi Bir\u00e7ok itici g\u00fc\u00e7ten Biri\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015f (1978 sonras\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda Chengdu\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen \u00c7in Tarihsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Konferans\u0131, bu anlay\u0131\u015fta \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. Konferansta konu\u015fan Prof. Dai Yi, \u201cs\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumlarda s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin biricik tarihsel i\u00e7erik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; bunun yerine \u00fcretim m\u00fccadelesi, ulusal m\u00fccadele ve teknolojik geli\u015fme gibi zengin unsurlar\u0131n tarihsel i\u00e7eri\u011fe dahil  oldu\u011funu belirtti. Bu nedenle, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi bunlar\u0131n hepsinin yerini alamazd\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toplant\u0131da di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da \u201c\u00fcretim m\u00fccadelesinin tarihsel geli\u015fmenin nihai itici g\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fcler ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi ile \u00fcretim m\u00fccadelesi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu toplant\u0131, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u201ctarihin itici g\u00fc\u00e7leri sorunu\u201d \u00fczerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131. Tart\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu akademisyen \u015fu konuda fikir birli\u011fine vard\u0131: s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, s\u0131n\u0131f toplumu geli\u015fiminin itici g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden biridir, fakat tek itici g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fildir; \u00d6zellikle sosyalist toplumda, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi art\u0131k tarihsel geli\u015fmenin ana itici g\u00fcc\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Daha Sonraki Teorik Derinle\u015fme: \u201cTemel \u0130tici G\u00fc\u00e7\u201d \u201cDo\u011frudan \u0130tici G\u00fc\u00e7\u201d Ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tart\u0131\u015fma ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma derinle\u015ftik\u00e7e, akademide kademeli olarak iki itici g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapan bir analitik \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015ftu. Baz\u0131 Marksist ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, tarihsel geli\u015fmenin \u201ctemel itici g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn\u201d, t\u00fcm toplumsal formasyonlarda (pre-kapitalizm, kapitalizm) tarihsel geli\u015fmeyi s\u00fcrekli olarak y\u00f6nlendiren nihai itici g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011funu ve \u201ctemel itici g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u201d yaln\u0131zca \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7ler olabilece\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun nedeni \u015fudur: \u00dcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fimi, \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerini ve bunlar\u0131n geli\u015fimini belirler ve y\u00f6nlendirir, b\u00f6ylece t\u00fcm toplumsal olu\u015fumlar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n geli\u015fimini de belirler ve y\u00f6nlendirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu Marksist ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 toplumsal formasyon i\u00e7indeki farkl\u0131 geli\u015fim a\u015famalar\u0131 da \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fim d\u00fczeyi taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir ve y\u00f6nlendirilir. Bu Marksist ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n \u201cdo\u011frudan itici g\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d veya \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck itici g\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin bu rol\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f s\u0131n\u0131f g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve gerici siyasi gruplar\u0131n \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fimine engel te\u015fkil etmesi durumunda, bu engellerin ancak s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi veya hatta \u015fiddete dayal\u0131 devrim yoluyla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi ve ancak ve ancak bu yolla \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011finde kendini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Marksizm ve Sosyalizm Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6rece Daha Sistematik G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prof. Luo Rongqu bu konuda de\u011ferli bir teorik tan\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u00dcretici g\u00fc\u00e7ler tarihsel geli\u015fmenin \u201cnihai nedeni\u201d iken, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi tarihsel geli\u015fmenin \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck itici g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d. Bu ayr\u0131m di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan da geni\u015f \u00e7apta kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda, bir akademisyen *Marksizmde Yeni Ufuklar* dergisinde, Marksist tarihsel materyalizmin, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fiminin tarihsel ilerlemenin \u201ctemel itici g\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d oldu\u011funu ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin tarihin ilerlemesinde \u201cyeni toplumun ebesi\u201d olarak \u00f6zel bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan bir makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Makale ayr\u0131ca, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin tarihin ilerlemesinde \u201ctemel itici g\u00fc\u00e7\u201d oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cMarksist teorik ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7evrelerinde uzun zamand\u0131r var oldu\u011funu ve bu yanl\u0131\u015f anlaman\u0131n tarihsel nedenleri oldu\u011funu da belirtiyordu\u201d. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00c7in\u2019de ya\u015fanan silahl\u0131 sava\u015fa dayanan sert s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleleri ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki \u0130tici G\u00fcc\u00fcn Diyalektik Birli\u011fini nas\u0131l anlamal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soruna Farkl\u0131 mant\u0131ksal seviyelerden bakmak:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc farkl\u0131 mant\u0131ksal seviyelerden bakarsak, \u201ciki itici g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki oldu\u011fu\u201d yan\u0131lsamas\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fabiliriz: \u00dcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin itici g\u00fc\u00e7 olmas\u0131: \u201cTarih nas\u0131l m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur?\u201d sorusunun nihai maddi cevab\u0131n\u0131 verir. S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin itici g\u00fc\u00e7 olmas\u0131: \u201cBu olas\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumda nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir?\u201d sorusunun pratik cevab\u0131n\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 Marksist ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve teorisyenlerin isabetli bir \u015fekilde belirtti\u011fi gibi, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fimi \u201cen nihayetinde s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesini belirler ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u201d: \u00dcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fme d\u00fczeyi, s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n durumunu, ayr\u0131ca s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin niteli\u011fini ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin i\u00e7eri\u011fini belirler. \u00dcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fme d\u00fczeyinin durumu, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin toplumu ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ileriye ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fini belirler ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin d\u00fczeyinin geli\u015fmesi, devrimci s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin temel itici g\u00fcc\u00fc ve temel amac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Oyuncular\u2019 ve \u2018Oyun Yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d Diyalekti\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha derin bir felsefi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bakarsak, bu meselenin \u00f6z\u00fc, tarihin nesnel geli\u015fme yasalar\u0131 ile insan eylemi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkide yatmaktad\u0131r. Kitleler hem tarihin \u2018oyuncular\u0131\u2019 (mevcut tarihsel ko\u015fullarla s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan oyuncular) hem de kitleler tarihin oyun yazarlar\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong> (pratik yoluyla tarih yaratanlard\u0131r). S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, tam olarak bu diyalektik ili\u015fkinin yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir tezah\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr: S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi birdenbire ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz, aksine \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan halk\u0131n \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi taleplerine dayan\u0131r; ayn\u0131 zamanda, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi bu \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6nlendiren temel g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klasik Marksist Yazarlar\u0131n \u00d6nemli A\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 \u2013 Marx-Engels \u2013Lenin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marx ve Engels de bu noktay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade etmi\u015flerdir.  Marx ve Engels, 1879\u2019da Bebel ve yolda\u015flar\u0131na yazd\u0131klar\u0131 bir mektupta \u015funlar\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir: \u201cYakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rk y\u0131ld\u0131r, \u00f6zellikle burjuvazi ve proletarya aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesini, modern toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimin b\u00fcy\u00fck kald\u0131ra\u00e7 g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rerek, tarihin do\u011frudan itici g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verdik.\u201d<\/strong> Burada s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi ile ilgili olarak \u201cdo\u011frudan itici g\u00fc\u00e7\u201d ve \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck kald\u0131ra\u00e7\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, daha sonraki Marksist Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardaki \u201ctemel itici g\u00fc\u00e7\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile \u00e7eli\u015fmemektedir. Engels, tarihsel materyalizm \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem mektuplar\u0131nda da ekonomik fakt\u00f6rlerin \u201cnihai belirleyici fakt\u00f6r\u201d oldu\u011funu, ancak \u201ctek belirleyici fakt\u00f6r\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ideolojik ve siyasi \u00fcstyap\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rlerinin (s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi de dahil olmak \u00fczere) de \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 defalarca vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u0130ki G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn Teorik ve Pratik A\u00e7\u0131dan \u00d6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve  tart\u0131\u015fma, asl\u0131nda \u00c7in ve d\u00fcnya Marksizm ve Sosyalizm ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 camias\u0131nda tarihsel materyalizm \u00fczerine kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131n derinle\u015fmesi s\u00fcreci olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki nispeten basit olan \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi tek itici g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr teorisinden\u201d, bu konudaki teorik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ayr\u0131mlar yapan \u201c\u00e7ok nedenli itici g\u00fc\u00e7 teorisine\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek, teorik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Sosyalizm \u0130n\u015fa Pratiklerinin Teorik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 Etkilemesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019de ve d\u00fcnyada Marksist ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz teorik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerdeki bu de\u011fi\u015fim, \u00c7inli kom\u00fcnistlerin 1978 sonras\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 odak kayd\u0131rmas\u0131 ile yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir. Lenin\u2019de \u201cAlt\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nemi adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda\u201d bu odak kayd\u0131rmaya vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Ticareti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip \u201cduygusal sosyalizme\u201d ya da eski Rus, yar\u0131-feodal yar\u0131-k\u00f6yl\u00fc ataerkil g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe d\u00fc\u015fmemeliyiz. \u2026\u201dekonomiyi derhal canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, sanayiyi geli\u015ftirmeli ve \u00f6rne\u011fin yeni elektrik teknolojisine ge\u00e7meliyiz\u2026\u201d  Bkz <\/strong>https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=4668<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1978\u2019de ve 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00f6nemli ve uzun s\u00fcren siyasi toplant\u0131larda \u00f6rne\u011fin 11. Merkez Komitesi\u2019nin \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Plenum Toplant\u0131s\u0131, \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesini kilit halka olarak ele alma\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 terk etmeye ve tarihin itici g\u00fc\u00e7lerine dair yeni bir anlay\u0131\u015fa dayanarak oda\u011f\u0131 ekonomik yap\u0131lanmaya kayd\u0131rmaya karar verdi. Bkz.<\/strong> \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnistlerinin 1978 ve 1979 Y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00c7in’in Kaderini De\u011fi\u015ftiren 197 G\u00fcn S\u00fcren 5 Uzun Toplant\u0131s\u0131  https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6307<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 \u00c7inli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve teorisyenlerin de belirtti\u011fi gibi, bu yeni tarihi geli\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yeni \u00e7a\u011fda y\u00f6neti\u015fim i\u00e7in bir temel sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki U\u00e7 Noktadan Ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Marksizm ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca bu sorunu ele al\u0131rken iki u\u00e7 noktadan ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini vurguluyorlar: birincisi,<\/strong> insan\u0131n \u00f6znel devrimci ve ilerici inisiyatifini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederek, sosyo-ekonomik formasyonun (yap\u0131n\u0131n, Almanca gesellschaftliche \u00f6konomische formation) bir \u00f6\u011fesi olan \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin rol\u00fcn\u00fc basitle\u015ftiren ve mekanik ele alan \u201cekonomik determinizm\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc.  \u0130kincisi, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fiminin temel belirleyicili\u011fini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 eden ve \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin her \u015feye muktedir\u201d oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve teorisyenlerin de belirtti\u011fi gibi, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi teorisini tarihsel materyalizmden el \u00e7abuklu\u011fu ile \u201cay\u0131klayamay\u0131z\u201d, ancak onu tarihsel materyalizmin \u201ctamam\u0131yla\u201d da e\u015f g\u00f6remeyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zetle, bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyadaki y\u00fcr\u00fcyen tart\u0131\u015fmalardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, \u201c\u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fimi tarihin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d ve \u201cs\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi tarihin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin birbirleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bunlar\u0131n birincisi tarihin ilerleyi\u015finin \u201cmotoru\u201d ikincisi  otomobilin \u201cdireksiyonu\u201d gibidir: \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fimi, tarihin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayan temel yani motordur, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi ise \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerini\u2014\u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fme gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re—yeniden d\u00fczenleyen ve s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumda tarihin geli\u015fme y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyen mekanizmad\u0131r. Tahakk\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcren s\u0131n\u0131f ve onu temsil eden siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinde d\u00fczenleme ve reform yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7a toplumsal devrim ate\u015fi daha da harlanacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ikisini ay\u0131rmak veya kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmek, tarihsel materyalizmin tek tarafl\u0131 kavranmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Hegelci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ile Marksist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc harmanlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f \u0130ngiliz Marksisti Sean Sayers tarihin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi olarak de\u011ferlendirirken, toplumsal \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: tarih a\u015famalarla ilerler ve toplumdaki i\u00e7sel \u00e7eli\u015fmelerle ve mevcut d\u00fczene meydan okuyan yeni do\u011fan toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00e7abas\u0131 ile tetiklenir. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc: Tarihi \u0130lerleten S\u0131n\u0131f M\u00fccadelesi mi? \u0130nsan\u0131n \u00dcretici G\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Geli\u015fmesi Mi? B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Marx\u2019\u0131n 200. Do\u011fum G\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc anmak amac\u0131yla Wuhan\/\u00c7in\u2019de yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 5 Milyon s\u00f6zc\u00fckten ve 4 B\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: Marxism, Leninizm, Mao Zedung D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc \u00c7ine \u00d6zg\u00fc Sosyalizm \u0130n\u015fa Teorisi. S\u00f6zl\u00fck 2012\u2019de ba\u015flayan Xi Jinping D\u00f6nemini de kaps\u0131yor. Mart 2026 Haz\u0131rlayan: Ayaz […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,49,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arsiv","category-arsiv-tr","category-klasikler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6314","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6314"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6315,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6314\/revisions\/6315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6314"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6314"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}