{"id":6473,"date":"2026-05-20T17:59:07","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T17:59:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6473"},"modified":"2026-05-20T17:59:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T17:59:08","slug":"cinli-komunistlerin-sosyalizmin-baslangic-asamasi-teorisi-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6473","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7inli Kom\u00fcnistlerin Sosyalizmin Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 A\u015famas\u0131 Teorisi Nedir?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c7inli Kom\u00fcnistlerin Sosyalizmin Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 A\u015famas\u0131 Teorisi Nedir? <\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Ferdi Bekir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7inli Kom\u00fcnistler \u00c7in ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sosyalizmi in\u015fa konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin sosyalizm in\u015fa pratiklerini inceleyerek ilk kez 1987 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 13. Parti Kongresinde sosyalizmin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131 teorisinin g\u00f6rece olgun bir tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar. Deng Xiaoping de \u00c7in’de sosyalizmin ilk ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131 sosyalizmin az-geli\u015fkin a\u015famas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
Daha sonra On y\u0131ll\u0131k bir teorik ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve pratik aray\u0131\u015ftan sonra 1997 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 15. Parti Kongresi raporunda dokuz maddelik yeni bir teorik \u00f6zet de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Bu de\u011ferlendirmenin \u00f6nemli bir yan\u0131 \u00c7in’in bu a\u015famada sosyalizm alt\u0131nda modernle\u015fmeyi tamamlamas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece d\u00fcnyada modernle\u015fmeyi tamamlam\u0131\u015f az say\u0131da Bat\u0131l\u0131 kapitalist \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, d\u00fcnya tarihinde ilk kez bir do\u011fu ve g\u00fcney \u00fclkesi modernle\u015fmeyi tamamlam\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu de\u011ferlendirmeye g\u00f6re, sosyalizmin ilk ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131 9 maddede \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DOKUZ MADDE= DOKUZ G\u00d6REV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi<\/strong>, sosyalist modernle\u015fmeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a\u015famal\u0131 ve tedrici olarak \u00c7in’in az geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fini ortadan kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi,<\/strong> \u00c7in’in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfusun ve el eme\u011finin bask\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir tar\u0131m toplumundan, tar\u0131msal n\u00fcfusun bask\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 modern tar\u0131m ve hizmetler sanayisini i\u00e7eren sanayile\u015fmi\u015f bir topluma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc,<\/strong> bug\u00fcn egemen olan do\u011fal ve yar\u0131 do\u011fal \u00c7in ekonomisinin y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde geli\u015fmi\u015f bir pazar ekonomisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc,<\/strong>  \u00c7in’in geri d\u00fczeydeki ekonomisi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle birlikte genelde okuma yazma bilmeyen ve yar\u0131-okumam\u0131\u015f bir toplumdan geli\u015fmi\u015f bilimi, e\u011fitimi ve teknolojisi olan bir topluma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be\u015fincisi,<\/strong> \u00c7in’in n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yoksul ve ya\u015fam d\u00fczeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck durumundan, toplumdaki t\u00fcm bireylerin ortakla\u015fa refah i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir topluma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131,<\/strong> \u00c7in’deki zengin ile fakir aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumun  ve ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6lgesel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u015famal\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde geli\u015fme yoluyla azalt\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yedincisi,<\/strong> \u00c7in’in sosyalist pazar ekonomisini, geli\u015fkin sosyalist demokrasi sistemini ve di\u011fer geli\u015fkin sistemleri olu\u015fturmak ve geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in reformlar ve ilerlemeler yapaca\u011f\u0131 bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sekizincisi,<\/strong> \u00c7in halk\u0131n\u0131n bir yandan maddi di\u011fer yandan manevi uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek \u00fczere koydu\u011fu idealleri cesurca, azimle, gayretle ve tok g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fckle geli\u015ftirece\u011fi bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dokuzuncusu,<\/strong> \u00c7in ulusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yeniden gen\u00e7le\u015fmeyi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00c7in’in kendisiyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f toplumlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki mesafeyi k\u0131saltm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n modernle\u015fmeyi tamamlam\u0131\u015f olan az say\u0131daki \u00fclke aras\u0131na girece\u011fi bir tarihsel d\u00f6nemdir. (D\u00fcnyada 200 dolay\u0131nda \u00fclke var)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7inli teorisyenlere g\u00f6re 2040’lara gelindi\u011finde \u00c7in’in sosyalizmi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rak\u0131p yeni bir a\u015famaya ge\u00e7ebilecektir. 1987 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 13. Parti Kongresinde sosyalizmin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Bir yandan, \u00c7in’de \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kamu m\u00fclkiyeti temeli \u00fczerinde sosyalist ekonomik sistemin, demokratik halk diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bi\u00e7iminde Sosyalist bir politik sistemin ve \u00fcstyap\u0131n\u0131n ideolojik alan\u0131nda Marksizmin y\u00f6nlendirici konumda olmas\u0131n\u0131n kurulmu\u015f ve oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.” \u2026 “Ve \u00c7in’de s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sistemi ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131flar ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; \u00fclkenin ulusal ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7leri ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f; bilim, e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrde b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerlemeler sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026 \u00d6te yandan ise, \u00c7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfusa ve olduk\u00e7a yoksul bir temele sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7in, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen gayri saf\u0131 milli gelir bak\u0131m\u0131ndan di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin \u00e7ok gerisindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm toplum \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geri olmas\u0131, \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinde ileriye do\u011fru istenen d\u00fczeyde reformlar\u0131n yap\u0131lamamas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini belirlemektedir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplamdan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcretimin toplumsalla\u015fma D\u00fczeyi sosyalist toplumsal m\u00fclkiyetin geli\u015ftirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hala \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Meta ekonomisi ve i\u00e7 Pazar hala azgeli\u015fmi\u015f bir durumdad\u0131r ve sosyalist ekonomik sistem olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fckemmel olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. \u00dcstyap\u0131 alan\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde geli\u015fkin bir sosyalist demokrasi ve politikalar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli bir dizi ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ko\u015fullar da ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uygunsuzdur. Toplumda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f feodal ve kapitalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin etkisi ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretimin besledi\u011fi gelene\u011fin g\u00fc\u00e7leri hala yayg\u0131nd\u0131r ve bunlar zaman zaman Parti ve devlet y\u00f6netimindeki kadrolar\u0131n saflar\u0131na s\u0131zabilmektedir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olgular, \u00c7in’in sosyalizmin birincil- ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz tamamlamam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00c7in’inin \u00f6zg\u00fcl tarihsel ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, \u00c7in halk\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalizm a\u015famas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7meksizin sosyalist yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcyemeyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, devrimci geli\u015fme sorunu konusunda mekanik bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7in’deki Sa\u011f sapma hatalar\u0131n bili\u015fsel k\u00f6kenini olu\u015fturur. \u00d6te yandan ise, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerde geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir geli\u015fme sa\u011flanmaks\u0131z\u0131n sosyalizmin birincil- ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n atlanmas\u0131n\u0131n olanakl\u0131 olabilece\u011fine inanmak, \u00fctopik bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bu da “sol” hatalar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bili\u015fsel k\u00f6kenidir”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7inli Kom\u00fcnistlerin Sosyalizmin Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 A\u015famas\u0131 Teorisi Nedir?  Ferdi Bekir \u00c7inli Kom\u00fcnistler \u00c7in ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sosyalizmi in\u015fa konusundaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin sosyalizm in\u015fa pratiklerini inceleyerek ilk kez 1987 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 13. Parti Kongresinde sosyalizmin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131 teorisinin g\u00f6rece olgun bir tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar. Deng Xiaoping de \u00c7in’de sosyalizmin ilk ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131 sosyalizmin az-geli\u015fkin a\u015famas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.Daha sonra On […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sosyalist-ulkeler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6473","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6473"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6474,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6473\/revisions\/6474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}