{"id":6485,"date":"2026-05-25T21:15:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T21:15:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6485"},"modified":"2026-05-25T21:15:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T21:15:39","slug":"turkiyenin-tarimsal-modernlesmesi-turkiyenin-tarimsal-modernlesmesinin-izledigi-yol-basarilari-ve-sonuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6485","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Tar\u0131msal Modernle\u015fmesi: T\u00fcrkiye’nin Tar\u0131msal Modernle\u015fmesinin \u0130zledi\u011fi Yol, Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Tar\u0131msal Modernle\u015fmesi: T\u00fcrkiye’nin Tar\u0131msal Modernle\u015fmesinin \u0130zledi\u011fi Yol, Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n


Haziran 2025<\/strong>, Yazar Prof. Wei Min, \u00c7in Sosyal Bilimler Akademisi Bat\u0131 Asya ve Afrika \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, doktora dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olup, \u00c7in Asya-Afrika Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Think Tank ile \u00c7in Orta Do\u011fu Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Vakf\u0131\u00a0 daim\u00ee y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesidir.<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Yazar Zheng Sida, \u00c7in Sosyal Bilimler \u00dcniversitesi Uluslararas\u0131 Siyaset ve Ekonomi Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde doktora aday\u0131d\u0131r.
\u0130lk yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer:\u00a0\u00c7in K\u0131rsal Ekonomisi<\/em>, 2025, Say\u0131 4<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zet:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 1920\u2019lere kadar T\u00fcrkiye geleneksel bir tar\u0131m \u00fclkesiydi. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan bu yana T\u00fcrkiye, Kemalist mill\u00ee ekonomi sisteminin ilkelerine tutarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ba\u011fl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikas\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmeleri ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya \u00e7ift\u00e7i ile tar\u0131m kooperatiflerinin kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 yoluyla T\u00fcrkiye, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimini ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bir as\u0131rl\u0131k tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fme prati\u011fi boyunca, \u00f6zellikle tar\u0131m ekonomisi, ekolojik tar\u0131m ve k\u0131rsal kalk\u0131nma olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 yol \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrkiye, tar\u0131msal sanayi zincirinin yatay geni\u015flemesi ile de\u011fer zincirinin dikey uzan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n organik birli\u011fini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve nihayetinde uygun \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmecilik ile ihtisasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f tar\u0131m\u0131 birle\u015ftiren bir T\u00fcrk tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fme modeli olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.
Kolektif \u201cK\u00fcresel G\u00fcney\u201din bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak \u00c7in ve T\u00fcrkiye, tar\u0131msal geli\u015fme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan benzer a\u015famalarda bulunmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu uygulamalar\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019in bir tar\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc h\u00e2line gelme hedefine ula\u015fmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan referans de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm I. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n Arka Plan\u0131

<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1920\u2019lere kadar T\u00fcrkiye geleneksel bir tar\u0131m \u00fclkesiydi. Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015fundan bu yana T\u00fcrkiye, Kemalist mill\u00ee ekonomi sisteminin ilkelerine tutarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ba\u011fl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikas\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmeleri ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya \u00e7ift\u00e7i ile tar\u0131m kooperatiflerinin kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 sayesinde iki b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ba\u015far\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir: tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerinde ekstansiften entansife ge\u00e7i\u015f ve geleneksel tekli tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden tar\u0131m, ormanc\u0131l\u0131k, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve su \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini kapsayan modern b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik bir tar\u0131m sistemine ge\u00e7i\u015f. Bu durum T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi k\u00fcresel tar\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toplam tar\u0131msal has\u0131las\u0131, k\u00fcresel tar\u0131msal has\u0131lan\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %2,1\u2019ini olu\u015fturmakta olup T\u00fcrkiye d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yedinci b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131m \u00fclkesi ve dokuzuncu b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131msal \u00fcreticisidir. T\u00fcrkiye ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7in, ABD, Hindistan ve Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n be\u015finci b\u00fcy\u00fck sebze ve meyve \u00fcreticisi, OECD \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7inde ise ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131msal \u00fcreticidir.
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin genel g\u0131da kendine yeterlilik oran\u0131 %98,8\u2019e ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Tar\u0131m, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Milli Gelirinin yaln\u0131zca %6,8\u2019ini olu\u015fturmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ulusal i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k %20\u2019sini istihdam etmektedir. Son y\u0131llarda enflasyon, T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisini rahats\u0131z eden ciddi bir sorun h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.
Politika ayarlamalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Aral\u0131k 2024\u2019teki enflasyon oran\u0131 %41 olmu\u015ftur. Y\u00fcksek enflasyonun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 piyasa ortam\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek seyretmekte, bu da tar\u0131m ve k\u0131rsal alanlar\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc massetme ve toplumsal sorunlar\u0131 hafifletme konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tampon b\u00f6lge h\u00e2line getirmektedir. \u201cK\u00fcresel G\u00fcney\u201d perspektifinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00c7in ve T\u00fcrkiye benzer ekonomik geli\u015fme a\u015famalar\u0131ndad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fme uygulamalar\u0131 \u2013\u00e7ift\u00e7i haneleri ve tar\u0131m kooperatiflerini merkeze alan bir sistem kurma, tar\u0131m teknolojilerinin geli\u015ftirilmesini ve uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rma, dengeli kentsel-k\u0131rsal kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcmleme, tar\u0131m\u0131n ye\u015fil ve ekolojik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fvik etme, avantajl\u0131 ve karakteristik tar\u0131msal sanayi k\u00fcmeleri yaratma gibi\u2013 \u00c7in\u2019in tar\u0131msal kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011ferli i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm II. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tar\u0131m\u0131n Modernle\u015fmesinde Ana \u0130\u00e7erik ve Katk\u0131lar\u0131

<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(I) Ana \u0130\u00e7erik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


T\u00fcrkiye yakla\u015f\u0131k 19,88 milyon hektar ekilebilir araziye sahiptir ve bu, toplam y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn %25,8\u2019ini olu\u015fturarak onu d\u00fcnya genelinde yaln\u0131zca 16. s\u0131raya yerle\u015ftirmektedir. Bununla birlikte 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye, tar\u0131m, ormanc\u0131l\u0131k ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k katma de\u011feri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyada 8. s\u0131rada yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 85,6 milyonluk n\u00fcfusuyla T\u00fcrkiye, temel g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde kendi kendine yeterlili\u011fe ula\u015fan ilk geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerden biridir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fmesinin temel deneyimleri \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131kta \u00f6zetlenebilir.
Birincisi, T\u00fcrkiye devlet \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fme modeli tesis etmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan sonra T\u00fcrk tar\u0131m politikas\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve kendine yeterli bir tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fme stratejisine ula\u015fmaya odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019ndeki konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00e7ift\u00e7inin ve ailenin T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00f6nemini defalarca vurgulam\u0131\u015f ve \u201ctopra\u011f\u0131n i\u015fleyene, topra\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ift\u00e7i ailesini ge\u00e7indirmesini sa\u011flamaya\u201d y\u00f6nelik politikay\u0131 ortaya atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi, T\u00fcrkiye, \u00e7o\u011fu tar\u0131m ve sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ithalat\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan kat\u0131 bir tarife kotas\u0131 sistemi kurarak devlet korumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131 izledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, T\u00fcrkiye’nin tar\u0131m politikas\u0131 esneklik ve pragmatizmle karakterize edildi; h\u00fck\u00fcmet reformlar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, s\u0131k ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla ayarlanm\u0131\u015f” bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stikrarl\u0131 bir tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc fiyat mekanizmas\u0131 ve mevsimsel, iklimsel ve d\u0131\u015f fakt\u00f6rlerden kaynaklanan tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc piyasas\u0131ndaki fiyat dalgalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin tar\u0131m politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bile\u015fenleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci olarak, T\u00fcrkiye, yayg\u0131n \u00e7ift\u00e7i kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve ana g\u00f6vde olarak tar\u0131m kooperatifleriyle modern bir tar\u0131m sistemi ve mekanizmas\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye, tar\u0131m kooperatiflerinin ve \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin rol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli aile \u00e7iftliklerinin kooperatif y\u00f6netimini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde te\u015fvik etmeye, \u00fcretim girdilerinin maliyetlerini ve mevsimsel riskleri payla\u015fmaya ve \u00f6l\u00e7ek ekonomilerinin faydalar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015fmaya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermektedir. “\u00c7ift\u00e7i ailesi + tar\u0131m kooperatifi” sanayi k\u00fcme modeli, T\u00fcrkiye’nin tar\u0131msal katma de\u011fer elde etmesinin temel bi\u00e7imidir ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki en temel i\u015f modellerinden biridir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve tar\u0131m, ormanc\u0131l\u0131k, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsayan \u00e7e\u015fitlendirilmi\u015f bir tar\u0131msal ekonomik yap\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcretim girdilerinin bile\u015fimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim g\u00fcc\u00fc iki b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131\u00e7rama ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi, 1970-1980 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda geleneksel \u00fcretim malzemelerinin h\u0131zla sermayele\u015ftirilmesi; h\u00fck\u00fcmetin s\u00fcbvansiyonlar ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faizli krediler yoluyla k\u0131rsal alanlarda g\u00fcbre, pestisit, iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015f tohum ve makinelerin yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmesi, tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde geleneksel yayg\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmeden sermaye yo\u011fun geli\u015fmeye ge\u00e7i\u015fi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, 2000-2010 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda modern teknolojik \u00fcretim malzemelerine yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, tar\u0131msal y\u00f6netim ve organle\u015fme modellerinde yenilikler getirmi\u015f ve T\u00fcrk tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tek sekt\u00f6rl\u00fc tar\u0131mdan, \u00e7oklu sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda koordineli geli\u015fmeyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik bir tar\u0131m sistemine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu iki s\u0131\u00e7rama, T\u00fcrk tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin modernle\u015fme yolunun yo\u011fun bir tezah\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin tar\u0131m politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde yatan mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 somutla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde, T\u00fcrkiye’nin tar\u0131m, ormanc\u0131l\u0131k ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6rlerinde nominal katma de\u011ferin ortalama y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131k %17,29 (2000) ve %16,42’ye (2010) ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin kapsaml\u0131 iyile\u015ftirilmesi, T\u00fcrk tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n modernle\u015fmeunun temel itici g\u00fcc\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(ii) Marjinal katk\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fme, T\u00fcrkiye’nin kapsaml\u0131 modernle\u015fmesinin temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir; y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n bir mikrokozmosu olup, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ve \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin kapsaml\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnde ve k\u0131rsal sosyal yap\u0131da karma\u015f\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fikliklerde kendini g\u00f6stermektedir. “T\u00fcrk Tar\u0131msal Modernle\u015fme” vizyonu kapsam\u0131nda, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin iyile\u015ftirilmesinin \u00fc\u00e7 temel y\u00f6n\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi, teknolojik g\u00fc\u00e7lenme, modern tar\u0131mda ekonomik faydalar\u0131 en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir yoludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de tar\u0131msal sermayele\u015fmenin on y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrmesinin ard\u0131ndan, sermaye mallar\u0131n\u0131n marjinal getirileri azalm\u0131\u015f ve toprak bir kez daha \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7leri s\u0131n\u0131rlayan kilit bir fakt\u00f6r haline gelmi\u015ftir. Kaynak tahsis verimlili\u011fini optimize etmek ve bilimsel ve teknolojik uygulamalar\u0131 yenilemek, tar\u0131msal kapasiteyi geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in elzem hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Tar\u0131m ve Ormanc\u0131l\u0131k Kurumu, y\u00fcksek kalite ve verim hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in, tar\u0131msal parsellerin dijital, mod\u00fcler ve a\u011f tabanl\u0131 analizini yapmak, en ekonomik tar\u0131msal kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 planlamak ve bilimsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc ekim planlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirerek toprak verimlili\u011fini ve toprak canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak amac\u0131yla co\u011frafi bilgi sistemleri ve tar\u0131msal entegre y\u00f6netim sistemlerinin i\u015flevlerini rasyonel bir \u015fekilde birle\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6nermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, tar\u0131m\u0131n ekolojik \u00f6zelliklerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, su ve toprak gibi do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n \u00fcretim fakt\u00f6rleri olarak de\u011ferinin kendi kendine ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi s\u00fcrecidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim, ekonomik faydalar pe\u015finde ko\u015fmaktan hem ekonomik hem de ekolojik faydalar\u0131 vurgulamaya do\u011fru kaymaktad\u0131r. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, ekolojik dengenin yeniden sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131, organik tar\u0131m sisteminin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve piyasa t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini ulusal kalk\u0131nma g\u00fcndemine alan “Organik Tar\u0131m\u0131n Esaslar\u0131 ve Uygulamas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik”i yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti sulama alanlar\u0131nda su ve toprak kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi, tar\u0131m, ormanc\u0131l\u0131k, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomik geli\u015fimi ve ekoturizmin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gibi modernle\u015fme \u00f6nlemlerini aktif olarak desteklemektedir. T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti art\u0131k do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 sadece ekonomik kalk\u0131nmaya hizmet eden malzeme ve nesneler olarak de\u011fil, ekonomik ve ekolojik sistemler aras\u0131nda organik bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak g\u00f6rmekte ve tar\u0131m\u0131n ekolojik de\u011ferini yorumlamak i\u00e7in ekolojik ekonomle\u015fme ve ekonomik ekolojle\u015fmeun uyumlu birli\u011fini te\u015fvik etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, y\u00fcksek kaliteli ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131msal kalk\u0131nma, tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fmeun insan merkezli hedefine geri d\u00f6nmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir yandan, \u00e7ift\u00e7iler modern tar\u0131msal kalk\u0131nman\u0131n uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r ve tar\u0131mda dijital teknolojinin uygulanmas\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f tar\u0131msal \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin yo\u011fun bir ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak dijitalle\u015fmenin \u00f6nemini daha da vurgulamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, \u00e7ift\u00e7iler modernize edilmi\u015f tar\u0131msal kalk\u0131nman\u0131n yararlan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r ve ekolojik tar\u0131mdan \u00e7e\u015fitlendirilmi\u015f gelir elde etmektedirler. D\u0131\u015f belirsizlikler nedeniyle uluslararas\u0131 tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri piyasa fiyatlar\u0131ndaki dalgalanmalarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan modernize edilmi\u015f \u00e7ift\u00e7iler daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. Dahas\u0131, T\u00fcrk \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerinin ekonomik durumlar\u0131yla birlikte sosyal stat\u00fcleri de \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015fmi\u015f ve bu da onlar\u0131 siyasi se\u00e7imlerde \u00f6nemli bir grup haline getirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bi\u00e7imler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kamu i\u015flerine ve sosyal y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in temel ko\u015fullar\u0131 giderek daha fazla elde etmekte ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikalar\u0131 giderek \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin taleplerini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm III. \u00c7in \u0130\u00e7in Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Sonu\u00e7lar ve Politika \u00d6nerileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(I) Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Sonu\u00e7lar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’nin y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fme uygulamas\u0131, tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fmeun kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir modelini ba\u015far\u0131yla \u015fekillendirmi\u015f ve tar\u0131m\u0131 geleneksel tek \u00fcr\u00fcnl\u00fc tar\u0131m anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

End\u00fcstriyel zincirler, tedarik zincirleri ve de\u011fer zincirleri gibi modern end\u00fcstriyel organle\u015fme y\u00f6ntemleriyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ferek, sanayinin yatay geni\u015flemesi ve dikey geni\u015flemesinin organik bir birli\u011fini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, tar\u0131m\u0131n ekonomik, ekolojik ve sosyal faydalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fclkenin tar\u0131msal rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn genel olarak geli\u015ftirilmesini te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir; bu da dikkat \u00e7ekmeye de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(II) \u00c7in \u0130\u00e7in Politika \u00d6nerileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle, yetkin ve aktif bir h\u00fck\u00fcmeti etkin bir piyasa ile organik olarak birle\u015ftiren, kaynak tahsisinde piyasan\u0131n belirleyici rol\u00fcn\u00fc tam olarak ortaya koyarken h\u00fck\u00fcmetin rol\u00fcn\u00fc daha iyi kullanan tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fme yoluna ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in \u015fu anda yoksullu\u011fun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 peki\u015ftirme ve geni\u015fletme ve bunlar\u0131 k\u0131rsal kalk\u0131nmayla etkin bir \u015fekilde birle\u015ftirme konusunda kritik bir a\u015famadad\u0131r. \u00c7in, \u00fcretim ve ekolojiyi koordine etmek, hem tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcretimini hem de verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmak, hem de yenilik\u00e7ili\u011fi ve giri\u015fimcili\u011fi te\u015fvik etmek gibi pratik zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, \u00c7in’e \u00f6zg\u00fc tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fme yolunu daha kararl\u0131 ve istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde izlememiz, yetenekli ve aktif bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet ile etkili bir piyasan\u0131n sinerjik etkisini te\u015fvik etmemiz, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir tar\u0131m ulusunun in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmam\u0131z ve kapsaml\u0131 k\u0131rsal kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmemiz gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci olarak, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ve y\u00f6netim sistemini, ana \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme organ\u0131 olarak tar\u0131m kooperatiflerini temel alan ve \u00e7ift\u00e7i ailelerini merkeze alan bir yap\u0131yla kurmal\u0131y\u0131z. B\u00f6ylece, tar\u0131msal modernle\u015fme i\u00e7in i\u00e7sel itici g\u00fcc\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru te\u015fvik etmeli ve geleneksel \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin yeni tip uzman profesyonel \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve geleneksel k\u0131rsal sosyal ili\u015fkilerin ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar a\u011flar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc desteklemeliyiz. \u00c7in tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6zelliklerini tam olarak dikkate alarak, toprak sistemi reformu, tar\u0131m kooperatiflerinin kurulmas\u0131 ve tar\u0131msal destek politikalar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 etkinli\u011fini koordine etmeli ve yap\u0131sal tar\u0131msal reformu ve k\u0131rsal altyap\u0131n\u0131n modernle\u015fmeunu te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in pilot projeler uygulamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, modern bir \u00e7ift\u00e7i e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim sisteminin in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmal\u0131, tar\u0131msal e\u011fitimi modern teknoloji, pazar talebi ve end\u00fcstriyel formatlarla derinlemesine entegre etmeli ve modern tar\u0131msal kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde mesleki beceri ve y\u00f6netim yeteneklerine sahip bir \u00e7ift\u00e7i i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ift\u00e7i ailelerinden gelen \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in tar\u0131m ve bah\u00e7ecilik tekniklerinde mesleki e\u011fitime \u00f6nem vermeli, mezun olduktan sonra memleketlerine d\u00f6nerek \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapan veya \u00e7ift\u00e7ilikle u\u011fra\u015fan mezunlara vergi indirimleri ve s\u00fcbvansiyonlar gibi politika deste\u011fi sa\u011flamal\u0131 ve tar\u0131m ve k\u0131rsal alanlarda kendilerini kurmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in mesleki kariyer planlama programlar\u0131 sunmal\u0131y\u0131z. Tar\u0131m e\u011fitimi deneyim payla\u015f\u0131m toplant\u0131lar\u0131 ve uygulamal\u0131 tar\u0131m makineleri kurslar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fimiyle, k\u0131rsal birimlerin modern y\u00f6netim yeteneklerini etkin bir \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, t\u00fcm sanayi zincirini geli\u015ftirmeye ve t\u00fcm de\u011fer zincirini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye odaklanan bir kalk\u0131nma stratejisine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmal\u0131, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc avantajlara sahip modern tar\u0131m k\u00fcmelerinin yeti\u015ftirilmesine \u00f6nem vermeli, b\u00f6ylece tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin yurt i\u00e7i ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 ve tar\u0131m ve k\u0131rsal alanlar\u0131n y\u00fcksek kaliteli geli\u015fimine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019de ba\u015fl\u0131ca tah\u0131l ve \u00f6zel nakit gelir getiren \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, yerel ko\u015fullara uygun avantajl\u0131 ve kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve \u00fcr\u00fcn rotasyon programlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden bilimsel de\u011ferlendirmeler yapmal\u0131y\u0131z. \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecinde, hijyen ve karantina \u00f6nlemlerine ve k\u00fcresel olarak kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f iyi tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131na uygun, tutarl\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek kaliteli \u00fcr\u00fcnler elde etmek i\u00e7in birle\u015fik ekim standartlar\u0131, y\u00f6netim modelleri ve kabul standartlar\u0131n\u0131 titizlikle uygulamal\u0131y\u0131z; b\u00f6ylece \u00c7in tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin uluslararas\u0131 rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Tar\u0131msal Modernle\u015fmesi: T\u00fcrkiye’nin Tar\u0131msal Modernle\u015fmesinin \u0130zledi\u011fi Yol, Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Haziran 2025, Yazar Prof. Wei Min, \u00c7in Sosyal Bilimler Akademisi Bat\u0131 Asya ve Afrika \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, doktora dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olup, \u00c7in Asya-Afrika Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Think Tank ile \u00c7in Orta Do\u011fu Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Vakf\u0131\u00a0 daim\u00ee y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesidir. Yazar Zheng Sida, \u00c7in Sosyal Bilimler \u00dcniversitesi Uluslararas\u0131 Siyaset […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-turkiye-sosyalizmi","category-turkiye-sosyalizmi-tr"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6485"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6487,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6485\/revisions\/6487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}