{"id":6511,"date":"2026-06-09T20:07:47","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T20:07:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6511"},"modified":"2026-06-10T08:04:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T08:04:18","slug":"tarihsel-materyalizm-bati-marksizminde-tarihsel-materyalizmi-yeniden-kurma-cabalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6511","title":{"rendered":"Tarihsel materyalizm: Bat\u0131 Marksizm\u2019inde Tarihsel Materyalizmi Yeniden Kurma \u00c7abalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tarihsel Materyalizm: Bat\u0131 Marksizm\u2019inde Tarihsel Materyalizmi Yeniden Kurma \u00c7abalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Habermas, E.P Thompson ve E. Meiskins Wood<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Eyl\u00fcl Deniz<\/strong>, May\u0131s 2024<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Not. Bu yaz\u0131 Chen Xueming\u2019in \u201cBat\u0131 Marksizmi \u00dczerine \u00d6nermeler S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d adl\u0131 eserinden yararlanarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Oriental Yay\u0131nevi, 2004<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Tarihsel materyalizm ve Art\u0131 -De\u011fer teorisi Marx ve Engels\u2019in Marksizmi ve bilimsel sosyalizmi in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ke\u015ffettikleri en \u00f6nemli iki bulu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marx ve Engels\u2019in tarihsel materyalizm teorilerini ve metodolojisini in\u015fa etmesinden  itibaren Bat\u0131l\u0131 Marksist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler, her bir d\u00f6nemin \u00f6zellikleri farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterse de, tarihsel materyalizmi ve onun metodolojisini kavrama, yorumlama, yeniden in\u015fa etme ve yeniden yorumlama \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Dahas\u0131, tarihsel materyalizme ili\u015fkin yorumlar b\u00f6lgelere ve ki\u015filere g\u00f6re de de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Erken d\u00f6nem Bat\u0131l\u0131 Marksistler veya Bat\u0131 Marksizmi olarak an\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn trendlerini olu\u015fturanlar, \u00f6ncelikle tarihsel materyalizmin k\u00f6kenlerine inerek otantik oldu\u011funa inand\u0131klar\u0131 tarihsel materyalizmi yeniden aya\u011fa kald\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 Marksizmi i\u00e7in Bkz. Bat\u0131 Marksizmi ve Totaliterizm<\/strong>https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=4711<\/a>   Bat\u0131 Marksizmi: B\u00fcy\u00fck Marksizm S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=3680<\/a> ; \u201cYeni Sol\u201d Politik D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve Bat\u0131 Marksizminin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye Giri\u015fi  https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=5300<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erken d\u00f6nem Bat\u0131l\u0131 Marksistler ve Bat\u0131 Marksizmi trendini yaratanlar, Engels\u2019in, \u0130kinci Enternasyonal\u2019in Sa\u011f kanat teorisyenlerinin ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde yoruma tabi tutulan ve parti ve devletin ders kitaplar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretilen tarihsel materyalizminin Marksizme uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu nedenle, gizlenmi\u015f ya da \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa inand\u0131klar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek tarihsel materyalizmi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in Marx\u2019\u0131n klasik metinlerini yeniden okumak gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nde gelen isimleri Luk\u00e1cs, Korsch ve Gramsci\u2019ydi; onlar \u00f6zellikle tarihsel materyalizmin tarihsel boyutunu<\/strong> ve \u00f6znenin (insan\u0131n) failli\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Luk\u00e1cs erken d\u00f6nem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda diyalekti\u011fin yaln\u0131zca tarihsel alanda var oldu\u011funu ve diyalekti\u011fin as\u0131l \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcnsellik veya Totalite\u201d<\/strong> oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek dolayl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde do\u011fan\u0131n deviniminde diyalektik hareketin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 reddetmi\u015fti. Korsch, tarihsel materyalizmi yaln\u0131zca Marksizm i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131labilir bir y\u00f6ntem olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Gramsci\u2019ye g\u00f6re ise tarih, ekonomik altyap\u0131 ile \u00fcstyap\u0131dan olu\u015fan birle\u015fik bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fc; Gramsci\u2019ye g\u00f6re materyalist tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlar vard\u0131 bunlar yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmeliydi. Ayr\u0131ca, Gramsci tarihsel geli\u015fimde temel belirleyici fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn insan\u0131n pratik etkinli\u011fi (Praxis)<\/strong> oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ard\u0131ndan tarihsel materyalizmi aya\u011fa kald\u0131rma ad\u0131na Althusser\u2019in \u201cepistemolojik kopu\u015f\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, Sartre\u2019\u0131n varolu\u015f\u00e7ulu\u011fu, Freudcu Marksizm ve erken d\u00f6nem Frankfurt Okulu da tarihsel materyalizmi kendi yeni bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yla yeniden yorumlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra Habermas ise do\u011frudan ve a\u00e7\u0131ktan \u201ctarihsel materyalizmi yeniden in\u015fa etme \u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve bu tarihten itibaren tarihsel materyalizmin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na dair \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler (bundan sonra \u201cyeniden in\u015fa teorileri\u201d olarak an\u0131lacakt\u0131r) h\u0131zla art arda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yapmadan Tarihsel Materyalizmi yeniden kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00f6nemli Marksistler, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden hareket eden Dr. Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131 ve Bat\u0131 Marksizmi \u00e7eviri ve okumalar\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131kan Metin \u00c7ulhao\u011flu oldu.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Habermas, E.P Thompson ve E. Meiskins Wood<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Habermas, 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f kapitalist toplumun daha \u00f6nceki toplum bi\u00e7imlerinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bu nedenle onu ele\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in geleneksel Marksizmin bu topluma uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n biraz zorlama ve yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftur. Dahas\u0131, Habermas\u2019a g\u00f6re bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bat\u0131l\u0131 geli\u015fkin kapitalist baz\u0131 toplumun baz\u0131 y\u00f6nleri Marx\u2019\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olup yeni bir teorik perspektiflerden incelenmeyi gerektirmektedir. Bu y\u00fczden, \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcn hedeflere ula\u015fmak ve modern bir evrim teorisi h\u00e2line gelebilmek i\u00e7in tarihsel materyalizm yeniden in\u015fa edilmelidir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Habermas\u2019\u0131n tarihsel materyalizmi yeniden in\u015fa teorisinde yeniden in\u015fan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcl anlam\u0131, \u201cbir teoriyi s\u00f6k\u00fcp, o teorinin belirledi\u011fi hedefleri daha iyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla yeni bir bi\u00e7imde yeniden bir araya getirmektir.\u201d Politik Marksizm ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan E. Meiskins Wood<\/strong> ve hayat arkada\u015f\u0131 George<\/strong><\/em> C. <\/strong>Comninel<\/strong><\/em>,<\/strong> Habermas\u2019tan ve E.P Thompson\u2019dan<\/strong> do\u011frudan etkilenmi\u015f olan yeniden in\u015fa teorisyenleridir. E.P.<\/strong> Thompson’\u0131n<\/strong> E. Meiskins Wood’un tarihsel materyalizm yorumu \u00fczerindeki etkisi, \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki Marx’tan sonra en \u00f6nemli olan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi, Thompson’\u0131n “s\u0131n\u0131f s\u00fcre\u00e7leri teorisi” Wood \u00fczerinde derin bir etki yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E.P Thompson, farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar pe\u015finde oldu\u011funu; bu farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7in ko\u015fullar yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftur. S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n olu\u015fumu, belirli nesnel maddi ko\u015fullara ve \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerindeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, ancak bu yaln\u0131zca bu s\u0131n\u0131f s\u00fcre\u00e7leri i\u00e7inde ay\u0131rt edilebilir. \u0130kincisi, Thompson toplumsal geli\u015fmede ekonominin belirleyici rol\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve “ekonomi” kavram\u0131n\u0131n nispeten ge\u00e7 bir \u00e7a\u011fda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi kavram\u0131n\u0131n yerini alamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E. Meiskins Wood<\/strong>, tarihsel materyalizmin ve tarih teorisinin temel kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak incelemi\u015f, bunlar\u0131 yap\u0131bozuma tabi tutmu\u015f <\/strong>ve yeniden in\u015fa etmeye giri\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Habermas’\u0131n tarihsel materyalizmi yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma teorisi, kendisine ait olan \u201cileti\u015fimsel eylem teorisine\u201d teorik bir temel sa\u011flarken, E. Meiskins Wood<\/strong> ise tarihsel materyalizmin temel kategorilerini ve kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 siyasi bir perspektiften yeniden in\u015fa etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chen Xueming\u2019in\u00a0<\/strong>\u201cBat\u0131 Marksizmi \u00dczerine \u00d6nermeler S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re\u00a0\u201d E. Meiskins Wood<\/strong>\u00a0tarihsel materyalizmi yeniden kurma \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Marx’taki ekonomik temel ve \u00fcstyap\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel diyalekti\u011fin yerine kendi “toplumsal varolu\u015f” kavram\u0131n\u0131 koydu\u011funu ve bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikle birlikte Wood Marx’\u0131n tarihsel fenomenolojisinde var olan ele\u015ftirel gerilimi etkili bir \u015fekilde ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Chen Xueming\u2019e g\u00f6re Wood’un getirdi\u011fi “deneyim” kategorisi, Marksizm\u2019deki “tarihsel \u00f6z” (\u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin yap\u0131s\u0131) ile “tarihsel \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck” (s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n olu\u015fumu) aras\u0131nda bir “ara ba\u011flant\u0131” olarak ortaya koyulmu\u015ftur. Teorik ve mant\u0131ksal a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,\u00a0E. Meiskins\u00a0Wood’un<\/strong>\u00a0bu ara ba\u011flant\u0131 teorisi, \u00e7o\u011fu Bat\u0131l\u0131 sol kanat akademisyenin analizlerinden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn y\u00f6nler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 E. Meiskins Wood’un Post-Marksistler Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Tarihsel materyalizmi Savunusu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Post-Marksistlerin tarihsel materyalizmin modas\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f veya indirgemeci bir teorik sisteme sahip oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iddialar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 E.M Wood, \u201ctarihsel materyalizmin kapitalizmin geli\u015fimini anlamak i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftur. Ona g\u00f6re, post-Marksistler (ve belki de di\u011fer ak\u0131mlar) tarihsel materyalizmin bu de\u011ferini gizlemi\u015f veya \u00e7arp\u0131tm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu nedenle, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kapitalizmi analiz etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 olarak tarihsel materyalizmi teorik olarak yeniden kurmaya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarihsel materyalizm, Marx’\u0131n toplumu anlama y\u00f6ntemidir; Marx\u2019\u0131n tarihsel materyalizmi maddi-ekonomik \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imlerinin (insanlar\u0131n yiyecek, mal vb. \u00fcretme bi\u00e7imleri) politikay\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimi \u015fekillendirdi\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

E.M Wood, Marx\u2019\u0131n bu y\u00f6nteminin bug\u00fcn hala kapitalizmi analiz etmek i\u00e7in hala yararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015ftur: \u201ckapitalizm hala tarihsel materyalizmin a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu dinamikler (s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, rekabet, kriz) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendiriliyor\u201d. Post-Marksistler<\/strong> –Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe veya di\u011fer postmodernizmden etkilenen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler–klasik Marksizmin ekonomik determinizmini ve s\u0131n\u0131f odakl\u0131 analizini reddedip bunun yerine k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, s\u00f6ylemi, kimli\u011fi ve tarihte rastlant\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fcni vurgulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarihsel Materyalizm: Bat\u0131 Marksizm\u2019inde Tarihsel Materyalizmi Yeniden Kurma \u00c7abalar\u0131 Habermas, E.P Thompson ve E. Meiskins Wood Eyl\u00fcl Deniz, May\u0131s 2024 Not. Bu yaz\u0131 Chen Xueming\u2019in \u201cBat\u0131 Marksizmi \u00dczerine \u00d6nermeler S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d adl\u0131 eserinden yararlanarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Oriental Yay\u0131nevi, 2004 Tarihsel materyalizm ve Art\u0131 -De\u011fer teorisi Marx ve Engels\u2019in Marksizmi ve bilimsel sosyalizmi in\u015fa \u00e7abalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ke\u015ffettikleri en […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-klasikler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6511"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6517,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6511\/revisions\/6517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}