{"id":6560,"date":"2026-06-21T23:32:40","date_gmt":"2026-06-21T23:32:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6560"},"modified":"2026-06-21T23:32:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T23:32:41","slug":"marksist-uluslararasi-iliskiler-teorisi-cinin-yeni-diplomasi-dusunceleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/?p=6560","title":{"rendered":"Marksist Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Teorisi: \u00c7in’in Yeni Diplomasi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Marksist Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Teorisi: \u00c7in’in Yeni Diplomasi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yang Xuedong, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u00c7in Marksist D\u00fcnya G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Teorisi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesinin Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc ve Tsinghua \u00dcniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Dekan\u0131<\/strong>, Haziran 2026<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviren: Deniz K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7e\u00e7<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131, y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik derin de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden ge\u00e7mekte, s\u00fcrekli olarak yeni belirsizlikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta, jeopolitik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar yo\u011funla\u015fmakta, k\u00fcresel ekonomik toparlanma yava\u015f ilerliyor ve geleneksel ve geleneksel olmayan g\u00fcvenlik tehditleri i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mekte. Uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczende ve k\u00fcresel y\u00f6neti\u015fimde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7e\u015fitli sorunlara yan\u0131t olarak \u00c7in, s\u00fcrekli olarak t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n talebi olarak bar\u0131\u015f ve kalk\u0131nma taleplerini savunmu\u015f, bir dizi somut ve uygulanabilir politika \u00f6nlemi ortaya koymu\u015f, d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcresel giri\u015fim \u00f6nermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in bar\u0131\u015f, kalk\u0131nma, k\u00fcresel g\u00fcvenlik ve k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte y\u00f6neti\u015fimdeki eksiklikleri gidermek i\u00e7in ortak gelece\u011fe sahip bir insanl\u0131k toplulu\u011fu in\u015fa etmeyi aktif olarak te\u015fvik etmektedir. \u00c7in’in bu giri\u015fimleri ve diplomatik pratikleri, 2012den itibaren \u00c7in’in uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler teorisinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 inovasyonun ana eksenini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Yeni ana eksen, ortak gelece\u011fe sahip bir insanl\u0131k toplulu\u011fu in\u015fa etme kavram\u0131n\u0131 savunmak ve bu “ortakla\u015fmay\u0131” \u015fekillendirmektir; yeni ana tema ise \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri geni\u015fletmek ve derinle\u015ftirmek, bu al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fler yoluyla birlikte ya\u015famay\u0131 ve ortakla\u015fa kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni teorik yap\u0131da merkezi eksen, de\u011fersel duru\u015fumuzdur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin y\u00f6nlendirilmesi gereken y\u00f6nle ilgili normatif bir \u00f6nermedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xi Jinping bunu \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cS\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin de g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, ortak gelece\u011fe sahip bir insanl\u0131k toplulu\u011fu in\u015fa etme, her \u00fclkenin gelece\u011finin ve her \u00fclkenin kaderinin yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130yi g\u00fcnde de k\u00f6t\u00fc g\u00fcnde de birlikte olmal\u0131 ve do\u011fdu\u011fumuz ve b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bu gezegeni uyumlu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir aile haline getirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermeliyiz.\u201d Bu ifadedeki de\u011fersel duru\u015f d\u00f6rt temel \u00f6nermeyi i\u00e7erir: birincisi, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131ktan \u00f6nce gelir; ikincisi, ortakla\u015fma farkl\u0131l\u0131klardan \u00f6nce gelir ve ortakla\u015fma i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, kalk\u0131nma ve g\u00fcvenlik ayn\u0131 madalyonun iki y\u00fcz\u00fcd\u00fcr; d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczen ve k\u00fcresel y\u00f6neti\u015fim i\u00e7in reformun hedefi, tek tip bir d\u00fczen de\u011fil, kapsay\u0131c\u0131 bir d\u00fczen in\u015fa etmektir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortak gelece\u011fe sahip bir insanl\u0131k toplulu\u011fu in\u015fa etmeyi te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in, teorik yap\u0131 “ortakl\u0131k” \u015fekillendirme etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nmelidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu teorik mant\u0131k d\u00f6rt y\u00f6n i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi, ortakla\u015fman\u0131n gere\u011fini kabul etmek.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, teorik olarak s\u0131f\u0131r toplaml\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden ve s\u0131f\u0131r toplaml\u0131 ikili kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klardan kurtulmay\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6ren bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bnoktas\u0131d\u0131r. Ortakla\u015fman\u0131n gere\u011fini kabul etmek<\/strong>, \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda geni\u015f \u00e7\u0131kar \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesini ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu ortak meydan okumalar\u0131 ve ortak kaderi payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kabul etmek anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015fa etmek.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadece ortakla\u015fman\u0131n gere\u011fini <\/strong>kabul etmek d\u00fczeyinde kalmak yeterli de\u011fildir; ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n somut i\u015fbirli\u011fi pratikleri yoluyla in\u015fa edilmesi ve peki\u015ftirilmesi gerekir. Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015fa etmek demek, yorumlama ile yetinmek yerine durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye giden kilit ba\u011flant\u0131d\u0131r. Bizler potansiyel ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 kurumsal tasar\u0131mlar, proje baz\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve ortakl\u0131k mekanizmalar\u0131 olu\u015fturma yoluyla ger\u00e7ek ortak \u00e7\u0131karlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortakl\u0131k kurulduktan sonra, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekir. Bu, hem sa\u011flamla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek hem de zorluklar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onarmak ve peki\u015ftirmeyi gerektirir. Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumak, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma durumlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 t\u0131rmand\u0131rmak yerine diyalog yoluyla farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6netmek anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 En \u00fcst d\u00fczey hedef, ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikili ve \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin temeli olmas\u0131ndan daha geni\u015f uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin normatif temeli haline getirmektir. Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>te\u015fvik etmek, dayatma de\u011fil, iyi \u00f6rneklerle g\u00f6sterme yoluyla cezbetmektir. Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek, daha fazla \u00fclkenin ortakla\u015fman\u0131n de\u011ferini g\u00f6rmesini ve daha fazla \u00fclkenin ortakla\u015fmaya g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gere\u011fini kabul etme, Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015fa etme, Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme ve Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik etme\u2014bu d\u00f6rt unsur d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak yukar\u0131 do\u011fru ilerler ve teorinin ana ekseninin i\u00e7sel mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu d\u00f6rt mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n hepsi temel bir hedefe i\u015faret eder: ortakl\u0131k pe\u015finde ko\u015fmak\u2014homojen bir tekd\u00fczelik pe\u015finde ko\u015fmak de\u011fil, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar aras\u0131nda ortak yanlar\u0131 bulmak, ortak yanlar\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek, ortak yanlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve ortak yanlar\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek. Bunlar, \u00c7in uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler teorisini \u00e7e\u015fitli Bat\u0131l\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler teorik paradigmalar\u0131ndan ay\u0131ran en temel \u00f6zelliklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAl\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri geni\u015fletme ve derinle\u015ftirmek”, \u00c7in’in yeni uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler teorisinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenili\u011fin ana temas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAl\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri geni\u015fletme ve derinle\u015ftirmek”, <\/strong>yeni teorinin pratik temelini, y\u00f6nelimini ve kalitesini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7in’in uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler teorisindeki yenili\u011fi, \u00c7in prati\u011fine dayan\u0131r ve bu prati\u011fin bir \u00f6zetidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAl\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri geni\u015fletme ve derinle\u015ftirme”<\/strong> temas\u0131n\u0131n temel anlam\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler prati\u011finin temel i\u00e7eri\u011fi olarak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ama\u00e7l\u0131 ittifaklar veya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ama\u00e7l\u0131 klikle\u015fmeler yerine al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Bu, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine ve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sorunlar\u0131na teorik bir yan\u0131tt\u0131r. Ulus devletlerin kendi \u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, ittifaklar ve klikle\u015fmelerin “mant\u0131ksal bir rasyonelli\u011fi” vard\u0131; devletler ittifaklar yoluyla g\u00fc\u00e7lerini artt\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma yoluyla kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in rekabet ediyor ve klikler kurma yoluyla etki ve n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 aralar\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz yeni k\u00fcreselle\u015fme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, bu t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n maliyetleri keskin bir \u015fekilde artm\u0131\u015f, faydalar\u0131 nispeten azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fin mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r: al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ortakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131r, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f i\u015fbirli\u011fini hedefler ve al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f kapsay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xi Jinping bu meseleyi \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: “\u00c7in, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lma \u015feklindeki temel politikas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmakta, kalk\u0131nmaya kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7maya devam etmekte, ‘Ku\u015fak ve Yol’ giri\u015fimi kapsam\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fini aktif olarak te\u015fvik etmekte ve politika koordinasyonu, altyap\u0131lar ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, engelsiz ticaret, finansal entegrasyon ve halklar aras\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7in yeni bir platform olu\u015fturmakta ve ortakla\u015fa kalk\u0131nmaya yeni bir ivme kazand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler, \u201cal\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri geni\u015fletme ve derinle\u015ftirme”<\/strong> temas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z anlam\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Pratikte, \u201cal\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri geni\u015fletme ve derinle\u015ftirme”<\/strong> temas\u0131 be\u015f seviyeye ayr\u0131l\u0131r: birincisi, siyasi kararl\u0131l\u0131k; ikincisi, politikalar\u0131 uyumlula\u015ft\u0131rmak; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, altyap\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131; d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, ekonomik al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi; ve be\u015fincisi, halklar aras\u0131 insan\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teorik yenilikte ana eksen, “uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler hangi y\u00f6ne gitmeli”<\/strong> sorusuna cevap verir. Teorik yenili\u011fin hedefi insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in ortak bir gelece\u011fe sahip, yani ortakla\u015fmay\u0131 temel alan bir topluluk in\u015fa hedeflenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ana hat, “ortak gelece\u011fe sahip bir insanl\u0131k toplulu\u011funa <\/strong>nas\u0131l ula\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131” sorusuna pratik cevap vermektedir: al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri geni\u015fletmek ve derinle\u015ftirmek yoluyla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ana eksenin rehberli\u011fi olmadan, ana hat y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kaybedecektir. Ana hatt\u0131n deste\u011fi olmadan, ana eksen bo\u015f laftan ibaret kalacakt\u0131r. Ortakla\u015fmaya sadece beyanla ula\u015f\u0131lamaz; ortakla\u015fma siyasi kararl\u0131l\u0131kla kurulmal\u0131, politika uyumuyla geli\u015ftirilmeli, altyap\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131yla somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, ekonomik i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle harekete ge\u00e7irilmeli ve halklar aras\u0131 ba\u011flarla peki\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Marksist Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Teorisi: \u00c7in’in Yeni Diplomasi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri Yang Xuedong, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u00c7in Marksist D\u00fcnya G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Teorisi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesinin Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc ve Tsinghua \u00dcniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Dekan\u0131, Haziran 2026 \u00c7eviren: Deniz K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7e\u00e7 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131, y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik derin de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden ge\u00e7mekte, s\u00fcrekli olarak yeni belirsizlikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta, jeopolitik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar yo\u011funla\u015fmakta, k\u00fcresel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sosyalist-ulkeler"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6560"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6560\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6561,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6560\/revisions\/6561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marksizm.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}